Browsing by Author "Bello, A"
Now showing 1 - 2 of 2
Results Per Page
Sort Options
- Congenital Malformations of the Female Genital Tract: a Review of Available Classification SystemsPublication . Pereira Amaral, P; Ambrósio, P; Coelho, A; Condeço, R; Bello, A; Djokovic, DCongenital malformations of the female genital tract are being diagnosed more frequently due to advances in imaging techniques. A broad international consensus on their classification is still lacking. This paper aimed to comparatively summarize the most frequently and widely used, as well as the most recently developed classification systems of congenital female genital malformations. A non-systematic review was done through a search on major databases with the medical subject heading (MeSH) term ‘‘congenital abnormalities” in combination with ‘‘classification” and ‘‘female genitalia”. All available systems, including, among others, the American Fertility Society Classification (1988), the Acien and Acien classification (1992, 2004), the VCUAM system (2005), the European Society for Human Reproduction and Embryology - European Society for Gynecological Endoscopy classification (2013), the Congenital Uterine Malformation Experts (CUME) group recommendations, and the American Society for Reproductive Medicine Classification (2021) possess the advantages and disadvantages listed in this article. Regarding the most common situations, the criteria for differentiating physiologic arcuate and discrete partial septate uteri vary widely between classifications, while difficulties also persist with the rarer complex abnormalities that cannot be easily classified, contributing to a gap in clinical and research protocols. The main factor compromising any attempt to reach an ideal classification system is the lack of evidence-based data, justifying the need for comparative multicenter international randomized control trials in this field. Pending new research data and a broad international consensus, it seems essential for adequate patient orientation to describe each detected malformation in detail and to correlate it with the clinical presentation, regardless the type of classification used.
- Reativação Ocular da Toxoplasmose Durante a GravidezPublication . Olival, V; Correia Reis, A; Bello, A; Cabugueira, A; Nunes, MJToxoplasma gondii infection reactivation is more likely to occur during pregnancy on account of the characteristic physiologic immunotolerance. Visual impairment and retinal scars in a previously infected individual allows the diagnosis. In an immunocompetent woman,transplacentary infection is unlikely to occur, but that possibility carries a well known great risk for the fetus. Fetal infection should be carefully excluded in the amniotic fluid and prophylaxis should be promptly instituted if fetal infection is not proven to have already happened. We report a case of a 30 year-old Brazilian woman diagnosed an ocular reactivation of toxoplasmosis with no evidence of fetal transmission during the initial workup. A careful ultrasound follow-up was performed during pregnancy and a espiramicin-based prophylactic regimen was initiated. After delivery, either the newborn serum analysis nor the hystopathological study of the placenta were suggestive of T. gondii infection.