Browsing by Author "Karvellas, CJ"
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- Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy Is Associated with Reduced Serum Ammonia Levels and Mortality in Acute Liver FailurePublication . Sousa Cardoso, F; Gottfried, M; Tujios, S; Olson, JC; Karvellas, CJHyperammonemia has been associated with intracranial hypertension and mortality in patients with acute liver failure (ALF). We evaluated the effect of renal replacement therapy (RRT) on serum ammonia level and outcomes in ALF. This was a multicenter cohort study of consecutive ALF patients from the United States ALF Study Group registry between January 1998 and December 2016. First, we studied the association of ammonia with hepatic encephalopathy (HE) and 21-day transplant-free survival (TFS; n = 1,186). Second, we studied the effect of RRT on ammonia for the first 3 days post study admission (n = 340) and on 21-day TFS (n = 1,186). Higher admission (n = 1,186) median ammonia level was associated with grade 3-4 HE (116 vs. 83 μmol/L) and mortality at day 21 attributed to neurological (181 vs. 90 μmol/L) and all causes (114 vs. 83 μmol/L; P < 0.001 for all). Among 340 patients with serial ammonia levels, 61 (18%) were on continuous RRT (CRRT), 59 (17%) were on intermittent RRT (IRRT), and 220 (65%) received no RRT for the first 2 days. From days 1 to 3, median ammonia decreased by 38%, 23%, and 19% with CRRT, IRRT, and no RRT, respectively. Comparing to no RRT use, whereas ammonia reduction with CRRT was significant (P = 0.007), with IRRT it was not (P = 0.75). After adjusting for year of enrollment, age, etiology, and disease severity, whereas CRRT (odds ratio [OR], 0.47 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 0.26-0.82]) was associated with reduction in 21-day transplant-free all-cause mortality, IRRT (OR, 1.68 [95% CI, 1.04-2.72]) was associated with an increase. Conclusion: In a large cohort of ALF patients, hyperammonemia was associated with high-grade HE and worse 21-day TFS. CRRT was associated with a reduction in serum ammonia level and improvement of 21-day TFS. (Hepatology 2018;67:711-720).
- Variation in the Care of Acute Liver Failure: A Survey of Intensive Care ProfessionalsPublication . Cardoso, FS; Mcphail, MJ; Karvellas, CJ; Fuhrmann, V; Germano, N; Auzinger, GIntroduction: Acute liver failure (ALF) is a rare disease with potentially high mortality. We sought to assess the individual approach to ALF by intensive care unit (ICU) professionals. Methods: Cross-sectional survey of ICU professionals. Web-based survey capturing data on respondents' demographics, characteristics of patients with ALF admitted to ICU, and their management. Results: Among 204 participants from 50 countries, 140 (68.6%) worked in Europe, 146 (71.6%) were intensivists, 142 (69.6%) admitted <25 patients with ALF per year, and 166 (81.8%) reported <25% of patients had paracetamol-related ALF. On patients' outcomes, 126 (75.0%) reported an emergency liver transplantation (ELT) rate <25% and 140 (73.3%) a hospital mortality rate <50%. The approach to ALF in the ICU varied with age, region, level of training, type of hospital, and etiology (prescribing N-acetylcysteine for paracetamol toxicity, triggers for endotracheal intubation, measurement of and strategies for lowering serum ammonia, extracorporeal device deployment, and prophylactic antibiotics). Conclusions: The management of patients with ALF by ICU professionals differed substantially concerning the relevant clinical measures taken. Further education and high-quality research are warranted.