Browsing by Author "Vaz-Carneiro, A"
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- Análise da Revisão Cochrane: Pregabalina no Tratamento da Dor Crónica Moderada a Grave em Adultos com Fibromialgia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016;9:CD011790 e 2016;4:CD009002Publication . Ferreira-dos-Santos, G; Cordeiro Sousa, D; Costa, J; Vaz-Carneiro, AFibromyalgia can be clinically defined by widespread pain lasting for longer than 3 months with tenderness on palpation in 11 or more of 18 specified tender points. Many people with fibromyalgia are significantly disabled, and experience moderate to severe pain for many years, for which conventional analgesics are usually not effective. For these patients treatment options generally include antidepressants like tricyclic agents, serotonin and noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors, or anticonvulsants like pregabalin or gabapentin. Pregabalin is a drug licensed for the treatment of fibromyalgia in the United States of America, with a mechanism of action similar to gabapentin. This mode of action confers antiepileptic, analgesic, and anxiolytic effects. This Cochrane systematic review included 8 randomized, placebo-controlled trials with low risk of bias, which studied the effect of a daily dose of pregabalin for the treatment of moderate to severe pain in adult patients suffering from fibromyalgia. Of the main results of this systematic review we highlight the major effect that a daily dose of 300 to 600 mg of pregabalin had in the reduction of pain intensity over a follow-up period of 12 to 26 weeks, with tolerable adverse effects, for a minority of people with moderate to severe pain due to fibromyalgia. This paper aims to summarize and discuss the main results and conclusions of this systematic review, as well as its implications for the daily clinical practice.
- Análise da Revisão Cochrane: Reabilitação Cardíaca Baseada no Exercício na Doença Arterial Coronária. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016;1:CD001800Publication . Carvalheira-dos-Santos, R; Delgado, RM; Ferreira-dos-Santos, G; Vaz-Carneiro, AA doença coronária, responsável por um terço de todas as mortes, é a causa de morte mais comum em todo o mundo. Todavia, com o decréscimo das taxas de mortalidade associadas a esta patologia, observa-se um número crescente de doentes com a doença, com aumento da necessidade de gestão dos seus sintomas e prognóstico. A reabilitação cardíaca, componente essencial do tratamento contemporâneo da doença arterial coronária, é uma intervenção complexa que envolve variadas técnicas, incluindo exercício físico, correção dos fatores de risco cardiovasculares tradicionais, terapia comportamental e apoio psicológico, sendo considerada uma prioridade em países em que a prevalência da doença é elevada. Esta revisão sistemática Cochrane constitui uma atualização de uma revisão Cochrane publicada em 2011, tendo identificado 16 novos ensaios clínicos (3872 doentes), predominantemente em status pós-enfarte agudo do miocárdio e pós-cirurgia de revascularização miocárdica. Incluiu, assim, 63 ensaios clínicos aleatorizados que estudaram a eficácia e o custo-efetividade da reabilitação cardíaca baseada no exercício físico, em pacientes com doença arterial coronária. A confiança na evidência científica variou de baixa a moderada. Dos principais resultados destaca-se o efeito da reabilitação cardíaca, em comparação com a ausência de exercício físico, na redução na mortalidade cardiovascular, todavia sem redução da mortalidade total. Apesar da reabilitação cardíaca ter diminuído o risco global de internamento hospitalar, o mesmo não se verificou para o risco de enfarte, cirurgia de revascularização miocárdica ou intervenção coronária percutânea. Neste artigo sumarizam-se e discutem-se os principais resultados, conclusões e implicações desta revisão sistemática para a prática clínica.
- Analysis of the Cochrane Review: Pharmacotherapy for Hyperuricemia in Hypertensive Patients. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017;4:CD008652.]Publication . Bigotte Vieira, M; Baeta Baptista, R; Costa, J; Vaz-Carneiro, AArterial hypertension is a public health problem that affects approximately 25% of the world's adult population. The association between hypertension and hyperuricemia has been shown on epidemiological and experimental studies. However, it is unclear whether lowering serum uric acid might lower blood pressure. This Cochrane systematic review - a revised edition of a previously published one - intended as primary objective to evaluate the effect of hypouricemic drugs in patients with primary hypertension or prehypertension. The secondary objectives were to evaluate the efficacy and safety of hypouricemic drugs. A systematic search until February 2016 on controlled, randomized or quasi-randomized trials comparing the effect of hypouricemic drug versus placebo in hypertensive or prehypertensive patients was performed on the following databases: The Cochrane Hypertension Specialised Register, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Medline, Embase, The World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry Platform, e ClinicalTrials.gov. LILACS database up to March 2016 was also searched and the authors of relevant studies were contacted. There were 349 identified papers, 21 were preselected and three randomized clinical trials (211 patients) were included in the qualitative analysis and in the meta-analysis. Two of the trials were conducted exclusively on adolescents. The authors conclude that hypouricemic drugs are not effective in lowering blood pressure in patients with hyperuricemia and primary prehypertension or hypertension. However, this strategy might be more effective in the specific population of adolescents with prehypertension or mild primary hypertension recently diagnosed. Hypouricemic drugs effectively reduce serum uric acid level and withdrawals of therapy due to adverse effects were not superior in the treated group, comparing to placebo; however, one patient withdrew due to a severe cutaneous reaction.
- Choosing Wisely Portugal: a Visão dos Médicos PortuguesesPublication . Morgado, M; Alves, M; Reis Carvalho, C; Viegas Dias, C; Cordeiro Sousa, D; Ferreira-dos-Santos, G; Leal, I; Valente Jorge, J; Bigotte Vieira, M; Fortunato, P; Baeta Baptista, R; Vaz-Carneiro, A
- Cost-Effectiveness of Non-Vitamin K Antagonist Oral Anticoagulants for Atrial Fibrillation in PortugalPublication . Costa, J; Fiorentino, F; Caldeira, D; Inês, M; Lopes Pereira, C; Pinheiro, L; Vaz-Carneiro, A; Borges, M; Gouveia, MINTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES:Recently, three novel non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants received approval for reimbursement in Portugal for patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (AF). It is therefore important to evaluate the relative cost-effectiveness of these new oral anticoagulants in Portuguese AF patients. METHODS: A Markov model was used to analyze disease progression over a lifetime horizon. Relative efficacy data for stroke (ischemic and hemorrhagic), bleeding (intracranial, other major bleeding and clinically relevant non-major bleeding), myocardial infarction and treatment discontinuation were obtained by pairwise indirect comparisons between apixaban, dabigatran and rivaroxaban using warfarin as a common comparator. Data on resource use were obtained from the database of diagnosis-related groups and an expert panel. Model outputs included life years gained, quality-adjusted life years (QALYs), direct healthcare costs and incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs). RESULTS:Apixaban provided the most life years gained and QALYs. The ICERs of apixaban compared to warfarin and dabigatran were €5529/QALY and €9163/QALY, respectively. Apixaban was dominant over rivaroxaban (greater health gains and lower costs). The results were robust over a wide range of inputs in sensitivity analyses. Apixaban had a 70% probability of being cost-effective (at a threshold of €20 000/QALY) compared to all the other therapeutic options. CONCLUSIONS:Apixaban is a cost-effective alternative to warfarin and dabigatran and is dominant over rivaroxaban in AF patients from the perspective of the Portuguese national healthcare system. These conclusions are based on indirect comparisons, but despite this limitation, the information is useful for healthcare decision-makers.
- O Problema da Sobreutilização de Recursos e o Projeto Choosing Wisely Portugal - Escolhas Criteriosas em SaúdePublication . Bigotte Vieira, M; Vaz-Carneiro, AA variação da prática clínica é um fenómeno que se encontra bem descrito e que se caracteriza por uma prática clínica utilizando testes diagnósticos e esquemas terapêuticos diversos, em doentes semelhantes na patologia que apresentam e no seu risco basal. A sobreutilização de recursos em saúde caracteriza-se por apresentar um benefício-risco negativo. Infelizmente ambos os fenómenos se verificam em diversos países, em particular países desenvolvidos. Neste contexto, o American Board of Internal Medicine lançou a campanha Choosing Wisely, a qual foi, entretanto, implementada em diversos países incluindo Portugal.