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Prevalence of Vitamin D Deficiency and its Predictors in the Portuguese Population: a Nationwide Population-Based Study

2020Journal article Open access
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dc.contributor.authorDuarte, C
dc.contributor.authorCarvalheiro, H
dc.contributor.authorRodrigues, A
dc.contributor.authorDias, S
dc.contributor.authorMarques, A
dc.contributor.authorSantiago, T
dc.contributor.authorCanhão, H
dc.contributor.authorBranco, J
dc.contributor.authorPereira da Silva, JA
dc.date.accessioned2022-04-20T14:31:16Z
dc.date.available2022-04-20T14:31:16Z
dc.date.issued2020
dc.description.abstractVitamin D deficiency is prevalent worldwide, but its prevalence is unknown in adult Portuguese population. In Portugal, 66% of adults present Vitamin D insufficiency/deficiency. Winter, living in Azores, older age, and obesity were the most important risk factors. It highlights the need of strategies to prevent vitamin D deficiency in Portugal. Objective: To estimate the prevalence and risk factors of vitamin D deficiency in the adult Portuguese population. Methods: Adults (≥ 18 years old) from the EpiReumaPt Study (2011-2013) were included. Standardized questionnaires on socio-demographic and lifestyle features were obtained. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations were evaluated using ADVIA Centaur VitD competitive immunoassay (Siemens Healthineers) in 2015-2017 as 25 (OH)D Level 0: ≤ 10 ng/mL; Level 1: 11-19 ng/mL; Level 2: 20-29 ng/mL, and Level 3: ≥ 30 ng/mL. Weighted multinomial regression analysis was conducted to evaluate the association between socio-demographic and lifestyle variables and vitamin D status. Results: Based on weighted analysis, the estimated prevalence of levels of 25(OH)D ≤ 10, < 20, and < 30 ng/mL was 21.2, 66.6, and 96.4%, respectively. The strongest independent predictors of serum 25 (OH)D ≤ 10 ng/mL were living in the Azores archipelagos (OR 9.39; 95%CI 1.27-69.6) and having the blood sample collection in winter (OR 18.53; 95%CI 7.83-43.87) or spring (11.55; 95%CI 5.18-25.74). Other significant predictors included older age (OR 5.65, 95%CI 2.08-15.35), obesity (OR 2.61; 95%CI 1.35-5.08), current smoking (OR 2.33; 95%CI 1.23-4.43), and female gender (OR 1.9, 95%CI 1.1-3.28). Conversely, physical exercise (OR 0.48, 95%CI 0.28-0.81) and occasional alcohol intake (OR 0.48, 95%CI 0.29-0.81) were associated with a lower risk of 25(OH)D ≤ 10 ng/mL. Conclusion: Vitamin D deficiency/insufficiency [25(OH)D < 20 ng/ml] is highly prevalent in Portugal, affecting > 60% of all Portuguese adults, with strong geographical and seasonal variation. This study highlights the need to critically assess the relevance of vitamin D deficiency as a public health problem and the urgent need for a wide and scientifically robust debate about the most appropriate interventions at the individual and societal levels.pt_PT
dc.description.versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionpt_PT
dc.identifier.citationArch Osteoporos. 2020 Mar 2;15(1):36.pt_PT
dc.identifier.doi10.1007/s11657-020-0695-x.pt_PT
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10400.17/4043
dc.language.isoengpt_PT
dc.peerreviewedyespt_PT
dc.publisherSpringerpt_PT
dc.subjectHCC REUMpt_PT
dc.subjectAdolescentpt_PT
dc.subjectAdultpt_PT
dc.subjectAge Factorspt_PT
dc.subjectAgedpt_PT
dc.subjectExercisept_PT
dc.subjectFemalept_PT
dc.subjectHumanspt_PT
dc.subjectMalept_PT
dc.subjectMiddle Agedpt_PT
dc.subjectLife Stylept_PT
dc.subjectObesity / bloodpt_PT
dc.subjectObesity / complicationspt_PT
dc.subjectPortugal / epidemiologypt_PT
dc.subjectPrevalencept_PT
dc.subjectRisk Factorspt_PT
dc.subjectSeasonspt_PT
dc.subjectSurveys and Questionnairespt_PT
dc.subjectVitamin D / analogs & derivatives*pt_PT
dc.subjectVitamin D / bloodpt_PT
dc.subjectVitamin D Deficiency / epidemiology*pt_PT
dc.subjectYoung Adultpt_PT
dc.subjectVitamin D Deficiency / etiologypt_PT
dc.titlePrevalence of Vitamin D Deficiency and its Predictors in the Portuguese Population: a Nationwide Population-Based Studypt_PT
dc.typejournal article
dspace.entity.typePublication
oaire.citation.startPage36pt_PT
oaire.citation.titleArchives of Osteoporosispt_PT
oaire.citation.volume15pt_PT
rcaap.rightsopenAccesspt_PT
rcaap.typearticlept_PT

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