Browsing by Author "Chow, B"
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- Impact of Age and Sex on Left Ventricular Function Determined by Coronary Computed Tomographic Angiography: Results From the Prospective Multicentre CONFIRM StudyPublication . Gebhard, C; Buechel, RR; Stähli, BE; Gransar, H; Achenbach, S; Berman, DS; Budoff, MJ; Callister, TQ; Chow, B; Dunning, A; Al-Mallah, MH; Cademartiri, F; Chinnaiyan, K; Rubinshtein, R; Pinto Marques, H; DeLago, A; Villines, TC; Hadamitzky, M; Hausleiter, J; Shaw, LJ; Cury, RC; Feuchtner, G; Kim, YJ; Maffei, E; Raff, G; Pontone, G; Andreini, D; Chang, HJ; Leipsic, J; Min, JK; Kaufmann, PABACKGROUND: Left ventricular (LV) volumetric and functional parameters measured with cardiac computed tomography (cardiac CT) augment risk prediction and discrimination for future mortality. Gender- and age-specific standard values for LV dimensions and systolic function obtained by 64-slice cardiac CT are lacking. METHODS AND RESULTS: 1155 patients from the Coronary CT Angiography EvaluatioN For Clinical Outcomes: An InteRnational Multicenter registry (54.5% males, mean age 53.1 ± 12.4 years, range: 18-92 years) without known coronary artery disease (CAD), structural heart disease, diabetes, or hypertension who underwent cardiac CT for various indications were categorized according to age and sex. A cardiac CT data acquisition protocol was used that allowed volumetric measuring of LV function. Image interpretation was performed at each site. Patients with significant CAD (>50% stenosis) on cardiac CT were excluded from the analysis. Overall, mean left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was higher in women when compared with men (66.6 ± 7.7% vs. 64.6 ± 8.1%, P < 0.001). This gender-difference in overall LVEF was caused by a significantly higher LVEF in women ≥70 years when compared with men ≥70 years (69.95 ± 8.89% vs. 65.50 ± 9.42%, P = 0.004). Accordingly, a significant increase in LVEF was observed with age (P = 0.005 for males and P < 0.001 for females), which was more pronounced in females (5.21%) than in males (2.6%). LV end-diastolic volume decreased in females from 122.48 ± 27.87 (<40 years) to 95.56 ± 23.17 (>70 years; P < 0.001) and in males from 155.22 ± 35.07 (<40 years) to 130.26 ± 27.18 (>70 years; P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Our findings indicate that the LV undergoes a lifelong remodelling and highlight the need for age and gender adjusted reference values.
- Long-Term Prognostic Impact of CT-Leaman Score in Patients with Non-Obstructive CAD: Results from the COronary CT Angiography EvaluatioN For Clinical Outcomes InteRnational Multicenter (CONFIRM) StudyPublication . Andreini, D; Pontone, G; Mushtaq, S; Gransar, H; Conte, E; Bartorelli, AL; Pepi, M; Opolski, M; Ó Hartaigh, B; Berman, D; Budoff, M; Achenbach, S; Al-Mallah, M; Cademartiri, Fi; Callister, T; Chang, HJ; Chinnaiyan, K; Chow, B; Cury, R; Delago, A; Hadamitzky, M; Hausleiter, J; Feuchtner, G; Kim, YJ; Kaufmann, PA; Leipsic, J; Lin, FY; Maffei, E; Raff, G; Shaw, LJ; Villines, TC; Dunning, A; Marques, H; Rubinshtein, R; Hindoyan, N; Gomez, M; Min, JKBACKGROUND: Non-obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD) identified by coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) demonstrated prognostic value. CT-adapted Leaman score (CT-LeSc) showed to improve the prognostic stratification. Aim of the study was to evaluate the capability of CT-LeSc to assess long-term prognosis of patients with non-obstructive (CAD). METHODS: From 17 centers, we enrolled 2402 patients without prior CAD history who underwent CCTA that showed non-obstructive CAD and provided complete information on plaque composition. Patients were divided into a group without CAD and a group with non-obstructive CAD (<50% stenosis). Segment-involvement score (SIS) and CT-LeSc were calculated. Outcomes were non-fatal myocardial infarction (MI) and the combined end-point of MI and all-cause mortality. RESULTS: Patient mean age was 56±12years. At follow-up (mean 59.8±13.9months), 183 events occurred (53 MI, 99 all-cause deaths and 31 late revascularizations). CT-LeSc was the only multivariate predictor of MI (HRs 2.84 and 2.98 in two models with Framingham and risk factors, respectively) and of MI plus all-cause mortality (HR 2.48 and 1.94 in two models with Framingham and risk factors, respectively). This was confirmed by a net reclassification analysis confirming that the CT-LeSc was able to correctly reclassify a significant proportion of patients (cNRI 0.28 and 0.23 for MI and MI plus all-cause mortality, respectively) vs. baseline model, whereas SIS did not. CONCLUSION: CT-LeSc is an independent predictor of major acute cardiac events, improving prognostic stratification of patients with non-obstructive CAD.
- Predictive Value of Age- and Sex-Specific Nomograms of Global Plaque Burden on Coronary Computed Tomography Angiography for Major Cardiac EventsPublication . Naoum, C; Berman, D; Ahmadi, A; Blanke, P; Gransar, H; Narula, J; Shaw, LJ; Kritharides, L; Achenbach, S; Al-Mallah, M; Andreini, D; Budoff, MJ; Cademartiri, F; Callister, TQ; Chang, HJ; Chinnaiyan, K; Chow, B; Cury, R; DeLago, A; Dunning, A; Feuchtner, G; Hadamitzky, M; Hausleiter, J; Kaufmann, PA; Kim, YJ; Maffei, E; Marquez, H; Pontone, G; Raff, G; Rubinshtein, R; Villines, TC; Min, J; Leipsic, JBackground: Age-adjusted coronary artery disease (CAD) burden identified on coronary computed tomography angiography predicts major adverse cardiovascular event (MACE) risk; however, it seldom contributes to clinical decision making because of a lack of nomographic data. We aimed to develop clinically pragmatic age- and sex-specific nomograms of CAD burden using coronary computed tomography angiography and to validate their prognostic use. Methods and results: Patients prospectively enrolled in phase I of the CONFIRM registry (Coronary CT Angiography Evaluation for Clinical Outcomes) were included (derivation cohort: n=21,132; 46% female) to develop CAD nomograms based on age-sex percentiles of segment involvement score (SIS) at each year of life (40-79 years). The relationship between SIS age-sex percentiles (SIS%) and MACE (all-cause death, myocardial infarction, unstable angina, and late revascularization) was tested in a nonoverlapping validation cohort (phase II, CONFIRM registry; n=3030, 44% female) by stratifying patients into 3 SIS% groups (≤50th, 51-75th, and >75th) and comparing annualized MACE rates and time to MACE using multivariable Cox proportional hazards models adjusting for Framingham risk and chest pain typicality. Age-sex percentiles were well fitted to second-order polynomial curves (men: R2=0.86±0.12; women: R2=0.86±0.14). Using the nomograms, there were 1576, 965, and 489 patients, respectively, in the ≤50th, 51-75th, and >75th SIS% groups. Annualized event rates were higher among patients with greater CAD burden (2.1% [95% confidence interval: 1.7%-2.7%], 3.9% [95% confidence interval: 3.0%-5.1%], and 7.2% [95% confidence interval: 5.4%-9.6%] in ≤50th, 51-75th, and >75th SIS% groups, respectively; P<0.001). Adjusted MACE risk was significantly increased among patients in SIS% groups above the median compared with patients below the median (hazard ratio [95% confidence interval]: 1.9 [1.3-2.8] for 51-75th SIS% group and 3.4 [2.3-5.0] for >75th SIS% group; P<0.01 for both). Conclusions: We have developed clinically pragmatic age- and sex-specific nomograms of CAD prevalence using coronary computed tomography angiography findings. Global plaque burden measured using SIS% is predictive of cardiac events independent of traditional risk assessment.
- Prognostic Significance of Subtle Coronary Calcification in Patients with Zero Coronary Artery Calcium Score: From the CONFIRM RegistryPublication . Han, D; Klein, E; Friedman, J; Gransar, H; Achenbach, S; Al-Mallah, M; Budoff, M; Cademartiri, F; Maffei, E; Callister, T; Chinnaiyan, K; Chow, B; DeLago, A; Hadamitzky, M; Hausleiter, J; Kaufmann, P; Villines, T; Kim, YJ; Leipsic, J; Feuchtner, G; Cury, R; Pontone, G; Andreini, D; Pinto Marques, H; Rubinshtein, R; Chang, HJ; Lin, F; Shaw, L; Min, J; Berman, DBackground and aims: The Agatston coronary artery calcium score (CACS) may fail to identify small or less dense coronary calcification that can be detected on coronary CT angiography (CCTA). We investigated the prevalence and prognostic importance of subtle calcified plaques on CCTA among individuals with CACS 0. Methods: From the prospective multicenter CONFIRM registry, we evaluated patients without known CAD who underwent CAC scan and CCTA. CACS was categorized as 0, 1-10, 11-100, 101-400, and >400. Patients with CACS 0 were stratified according to the visual presence of coronary plaques on CCTA. Plaque composition was categorized as non-calcified (NCP), mixed (MP) and calcified (CP). The primary outcome was a major adverse cardiac event (MACE) which was defined as death and myocardial infarction. Results: Of 4049 patients, 1741 (43%) had a CACS 0. NCP and plaques that contained calcium (MP or CP) were detected by CCTA in 110 patients (6% of CACS 0) and 64 patients (4% of CACS 0), respectively. During a 5.6 years median follow-up (IQR 5.1-6.2 years), 413 MACE events occurred (13%). Patients with CACS 0 and MP/CP detected by CCTA had similar MACE risk compared to patients with CACS 1-10 (p = 0.868). In patients with CACS 0, after adjustment for risk factors and symptom, MP/CP was associated with an increased MACE risk compared to those with entirely normal CCTA (HR 2.39, 95% CI [1.09-5.24], p = 0.030). Conclusions: A small but non-negligible proportion of patients with CACS 0 had identifiable coronary calcification, which was associated with increased MACE risk. Modifying CAC image acquisition and/or scoring methods could improve the detection of subtle coronary calcification.
- Prognostic Value of Age Adjusted Segment Involvement Score As Measured by Coronary Computed Tomography: a Potential Marker of Vascular AgePublication . Ayoub, C; Kritharides, L; Yam, Y; Chen, L; Hossain, A; Achenbach, S; Al-Mallah, M; Andreini, D; Berman, D; Budoff, M; Cademartiri, F; Callister, T; Chang, HJ; Chinnaiyan, K; Cury, R; Delago, A; Dunning, A; Feuchtner, G; Gomez, M; Gransar, H; Hadamitzky, M; Hausleiter, J; Hindoyan, N; Kaufmann, P; Kim, YJ; Leipsic, J; Maffei, E; Marques, H; Pontone, G; Raff, G; Rubinshtein, R; Shaw, L; Villines, T; Min, J; Chow, BExtent of coronary atherosclerotic disease (CAD) burden on coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) as measured by segment involvement score (SIS) has a prognostic value. We sought to investigate the incremental prognostic value of 'age adjusted SIS' (aSIS), which may be a marker of premature atherosclerosis and vascular age. Consecutive patients were prospectively enrolled into the CONFIRM (Coronary CT Angiography EvaluatioN For Clinical Outcomes: An InteRnational Multicentre) multinational observational study. Patients were followed for the outcome of all-cause death. aSIS was calculated on CCTA for each patient, and its incremental prognostic value was evaluated. A total of 22,211 patients [mean age 58.5 ± 12.7 years, 55.8% male) with a median follow-up of 27.3 months (IQR 17.8, 35.4)] were identified. After adjustment for clinical factors and presence of obstructive CAD, higher aSIS was associated with increased death on multivariable analysis, with hazard ratio (HR) 2.40 (1.83-3.16, p < 0.001), C-statistic 0.723 (0.700-0.756), net reclassification improvement (NRI) 0.36 (0.26-0.47, p < 0.001), and relative integrated discrimination improvement (IDI) 0.33 (p = 0.009). aSIS had HR 3.48 (2.33-5.18, p < 0.001) for mortality in those without obstructive CAD, compared to HR 1.79 (1.25-2.58, p = 0.02) in those with obstructive CAD. In conclusion, aSIS has an incremental prognostic value to traditional risk factors and obstructive CAD, and may enhance CCTA risk stratification.