Browsing by Author "Leal, D"
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- Association Between Physical Activity and Mortality in End-Stage Kidney Disease: a Systematic Review of Observational StudiesPublication . Martins, P; Marques, E; Leal, D; Ferreira, A; Wilund, K; Viana, JBackground: End-stage Kidney Disease patients have a high mortality and hospitalization risk. The association of these outcomes with physical activity is described in the general population and in other chronic diseases. However, few studies examining this association have been completed in end-stage Kidney Disease patients, raising the need to systematically review the evidence on the association of physical activity with mortality and hospitalization in this population. Methods: Electronic databases (EBSCO, Scopus and Web of Science) and hand search were performed until March 2020 for observational studies reporting the association of physical activity with mortality or hospitalization in adult end-stage Kidney Disease patients on renal replacement therapy (hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis and kidney transplant). Methodological quality of the included studies was assessed using the Quality in Prognosis Studies tool. The review protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42020155591). Results: Eleven studies were included: six in hemodialysis, three in kidney transplant, and two in hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis patients. Physical activity was self-reported, except in one study that used accelerometers. All-cause mortality was addressed in all studies and cardiovascular mortality in three studies. Nine studies reported a significant reduction in all-cause mortality with increased levels of physical activity. Evidence of a dose-response relationship was found. For cardiovascular mortality, a significant reduction was observed in two of the three studies. Only one study investigated the association of physical activity with hospitalization. Conclusions: Higher physical activity was associated with reduced mortality in end-stage Kidney Disease patients. Future studies using objective physical activity measures could strengthen these findings. The association of physical activity with hospitalization should be explored in future investigations.
- Comportamentos Auto lesivos não suicidários numa Unidade Internamento de Pedopsiquiatria − 2010 a 2015Publication . Leal, D; Duque, TIntrodução: Os Comportamentos Autolesivos Não Suicidários (CANS), caracterizados pela destruição direta e deliberada de tecido corporal, na ausência de intenção suicida e para propósitos não socialmente aceites, são um fenómeno frequente em adolescentes, principalmente em amostras clínicas. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a prevalência e evolução de CANS na Unidade de Internamento de Pedopsiquiatria. Pretendeu-se também comparar os doentes com CANS com os doentes sem estes comportamentos. Metodologia: Consulta e levantamento de dados dos processos clínicos de todos os doentes internados nos meses de janeiro, de 2010 a 2015. Resultados: Em 2010 e 2011 a prevalência de CANS era relativamente constante (12-13%), tendo-se verificado um aumento da prevalência em 2012 (20%) e em 2013 (33%), que em 2014 e 2015 se tem mantido constante (33-35%). Encontrou-se uma associação entre CANS e sexo feminino, tentativas de suicídio prévias, perturbação de Humor, perturbação de personalidade cluster B e consumo de substâncias. Conclusões: A prevalência de CANS nos doentes internados na unidade de Pedopsiquiatria aumentou. Encontrou-se associação entre CANS e comporta - mentos suicidários e psicopatologia.
- Impact of Physical Activity and Exercise on Bone Health in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease: a Systematic Review of Observational and Experimental StudiesPublication . Cardoso, D; Marques, E; Leal, D; Ferreira, A; Baker, L; Smith, A; Viana, JBackground: Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) patients frequently develop life-impairing bone mineral disorders. Despite the reported impact of exercise on bone health, systematic reviews of the evidence are lacking. This review examines the association of both physical activity (PA) and the effects of different exercise interventions with bone outcomes in CKD. Methods: English-language publications in EBSCO, Web of Science and Scopus were searched up to May 2019, from which observational and experimental studies examining the relation between PA and the effect of regular exercise on bone-imaging or -outcomes in CKD stage 3-5 adults were included. All data were extracted and recorded using a spreadsheet by two review authors. The evidence quality was rated using the Cochrane risk of bias tool and a modified Newcastle-Ottawa scale. Results: Six observational (4 cross-sectional, 2 longitudinal) and seven experimental (2 aerobic-, 5 resistance-exercise trials) studies were included, with an overall sample size of 367 and 215 patients, respectively. Judged risk of bias was low and unclear in most observational and experimental studies, respectively. PA was positively associated with bone mineral density at lumbar spine, femoral neck and total body, but not with bone biomarkers. Resistance exercise seems to improve bone mass at femoral neck and proximal femur, with improved bone formation and inhibited bone resorption observed, despite the inconsistency of results amongst different studies. Conclusions: There is partial evidence supporting (i) a positive relation of PA and bone outcomes, and (ii) positive effects of resistance exercise on bone health in CKD. Prospective population studies and long-term RCT trials exploring different exercise modalities measuring bone-related parameters as endpoint are currently lacking.
- Muscle-Bone Crosstalk in Chronic Kidney Disease: the Potential Modulatory Effects of ExercisePublication . Leal, D; Ferreira, A; Watson, E; Wilund, K; Viana, JChronic kidney disease (CKD) is a prevalent worldwide public burden that increasingly compromises overall health as the disease progresses. Two of the most negatively affected tissues are bone and skeletal muscle, with CKD negatively impacting their structure, function and activity, impairing the quality of life of these patients and contributing to morbidity and mortality. Whereas skeletal health in this population has conventionally been associated with bone and mineral disorders, sarcopenia has been observed to impact skeletal muscle health in CKD. Indeed, bone and muscle tissues are linked anatomically and physiologically, and together regulate functional and metabolic mechanisms. With the initial crosstalk between the skeleton and muscle proposed to explain bone formation through muscle contraction, it is now understood that this communication occurs through the interaction of myokines and osteokines, with the skeletal muscle secretome playing a pivotal role in the regulation of bone activity. Regular exercise has been reported to be beneficial to overall health. Also, the positive regulatory effect that exercise has been proposed to have on bone and muscle anatomical, functional, and metabolic activity has led to the proposal of regular physical exercise as a therapeutic strategy for muscle and bone-related disorders. The detection of bone- and muscle-derived cytokine secretion following physical exercise has strengthened the idea of a cross communication between these organs. Hence, this review presents an overview of the impact of CKD in bone and skeletal muscle, and narrates how these tissues intrinsically communicate with each other, with focus on the potential effect of exercise in the modulation of this intercommunication.