Browsing by Author "Ramos, G"
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- Bevacizumab for Refractory Gastrointestinal Bleeding in Rendu-Osler-Weber DiseasePublication . Bernardes, C; Santos, S; Loureiro, R; Borges, V; Ramos, GRendu-Osler-Weber disease, also known as hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia, is a rare autosomal dominant disorder which is often characterized by recurrent epistaxis, mucocutaneous and gastrointestinal telangiectasias, and visceral arteriovenous malformations. Patients with gastrointestinal involvement can present with a wide spectrum of severity, which may vary from uncomplicated iron deficiency anemia to continuous and refractory bleeding. We present the case of a 62-year-old female, who was admitted with anemia following several episodes of melena, and whose endoscopic examination revealed multiple angiodysplasias in the stomach and small bowel. Despite endoscopic and medical treatment attempts with hormonal agents and octreotide, she developed persistent hemorrhage and severe anemia, requiring frequent red blood cell transfusions. Immediately after initiating bevacizumab (7.5 mg/kg, every 3 weeks), complete cessation of bleeding episodes was observed. Currently, after 1 year of follow-up, she maintained sustained remission without the occurrence of adverse events.
- Endoscopic Management of Sigmoid Volvulus in a Debilitated Population: What Relevance?Publication . Coelho da Rocha, M; Capela, T; Silva, MJ; Ramos, G; Coimbra, JBackground: Colonic volvulus, mainly from the sigmoid, is a relatively common cause of intestinal obstruction, particularly in the elderly and in patients with debilitating conditions. The high morbi-mortality of emergency surgery places the endoscopic approach as the first-line treatment for the resolution of this acute obstructive condition. Objectives: To assess the importance of endoscopic treatment for the resolution of colonic volvulus in a debilitated population. Method: This is a retrospective analysis of emergency lower gastrointestinal endoscopies in patients with colonic volvulus as diagnosis, performed over a 9-year period (2009-2018), as well as population characterization and follow-up after the first exam. Results: We performed 88 procedures in 52 patients (56.4% males, median age 83 years, range 33-94). Endoscopic resolution was effective in 86.4% (76/88) of the exams, without procedure complications. Eighty-one percent of patients presented with volvulus recurrence, 50% of which occurred during the 3 months after the initial procedure. Twenty-one were submitted to surgery, 12 of which were emergency procedures after endoscopic failure as the primary treatment (5 of which had mucosal necrosis at endoscopy). There was no mortality in elective surgery. In the emergency plus necrosis group, mortality was 60% (3/5) and 14.3% (1/7) in the emergency without necrosis group. Conclusions: Despite the high recurrence of volvulus after endoscopic treatment, it seems to be an adequate and low-risk first-line therapy for sigmoid volvulus in debilitated patients, allowing improvement of surgical conditions.
- Fistulizing Gastric GISTPublication . Costa, M; Russo, P; Ramos, G
- Gastric Antral Vascular Ectasia (GAVE) and Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia (HHT): Two Different Conditions, One TreatmentPublication . Santos, S; Bernardes, C; Borges, V; Ramos, G
- Hodgkin's Lymphoma in Crohn's Disease Treated with InfliximabPublication . Carvalho, D; Russo, P; Bernardes, C; Saiote, J; Ramos, G; Mascarenhas, L; Borges, N; Ramos, JINTRODUCTION: Lymphoproliferative disorders, particularly non-Hodgkin's and Hodgkin's lymphomas, are rare in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases. The use of thiopurines and infection by Epstein-Barr virus are well-known cofactors that can raise its prevalence. Other risk factors such as disease activity and biological treatment are the subject of discussion, without enough data in the literature to confirm a potential association. METHODS: We report a case of Hodgkin's lymphoma in a patient who had been treated with azathioprine and was on long-term monotherapy with infliximab. CONCLUSIONS: We stress the importance of recognizing the possible occurrence of a lymphoproliferative disorder in association with anti-tumor necrosis factor-α therapy.
- Infecção pelo Vírus da Hepatite B em Doentes Sujeitos a Terapêutica Imunossupressora ou Quimioterapia Citotóxica. A Propósito de um Caso ClínicoPublication . Redondo, I; Sousa, MI; Ramos, G; Fernandes, AT; Côrte-Real, R; Botelho, A; Neves, MMA reactivação do vírus da hepatite B em doentes com neoplasias hematológicas é uma complicação frequente da quimioterapia ou da terapêutica imunomoduladora. Os autores descrevem o caso dum doente com linfoma não-Hodgkin e história de infecção passada pelo VHB que desenvolveu hepatite fulminante após quimioterapia. Os mecanismos de reactivação do VHB são discutidos e as recomendações sobre profilaxia são apresentadas.
- Ingestão de Corpo Estranho Invulgar. Escova de DentesPublication . Ramos, G; Duarte, P
- Outcomes of Different Methods for Analysis of Biliary Brush Cytology and of Factors Associated with Positive Diagnosis in an Age-Dependent Retrospective ReviewPublication . Costa, M; Canena, J; Mascarenhas-Lemos, L; Loureiro, R; Silva, M; Carvalho, D; Capela, T; Russo, P; Ramos, G; Mateus-Dias, A; Ferraz-Oliveira, M; Mota Veiga, P; Coimbra, JBrush cytology during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is the most frequently used strategy for obtaining a tissue sample from an indeterminate biliary stricture. A recent study reported that age is a factor associated with positive yields, but further analysis of how age influences the results was lacking. We aimed to evaluate clinical effectiveness of biliary cytology and prognostic factors for a positive outcome, especially age. Methods: This study was a single-center, retrospective, clinical study of 77 consecutive patients who underwent brush cytology during ERCP to obtain a diagnosis of an indeterminate biliary stricture. We compared 2 routine cytology techniques: A (smear); B (centrifugation of the cytological material collected and the cut-off brush + cell block when sufficient amount of material was available). The data were collected aiming to compare the accuracy of the different techniques used and the prognostic factors affecting the outcome, with a particular focus on age. The yield for brush cytology was compared with the gold standard defined as either definitive histology or the long-term clinical course. Results: The overall accuracy of the 2 used methods was 75.3%. Sensitivity was 52.5%, specificity was 100%, positive predictive value was 100%, and negative predictive value was 66.1%. Although not statistically significant, there was a trend toward accuracy for method B compared with method A (80.4 vs. 65.4%; p = 0.153). Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that younger age was the only independent prognostic factor associated with a positive diagnosis (OR 0.95; 95% CI 0.90-0.99; p = 0.039). Receiver operating characteristic curves for age yielded an area under the curve value of 68.2%. On the basis of the Youden index, 69 years was found to be the optimal cutoff for age. Conclusions: In this series, the accuracy of routine biliary brush cytology was not equal for all methods and ages; in particular, younger patients (below 69 years) tended to have a higher probability of a correct diagnosis.
- Pancreatogastric Fistula with Fish-Mouth SignPublication . Santos, S; Saraiva, R; Oliveira, M; Carvalho, D; Ramos, G
- Paraduodenal Pancreatitis: Three Cases with Different Therapeutic ApproachesPublication . Carvalho, D; Loureiro, R; Pavão Borges, V; Russo, P; Bernardes, C; Ramos, GBACKGROUND: Paraduodenal pancreatitis is a rare cause of chronic abdominal pain characterized by an inflammatory process and scarring in the groove area between the pancreatic head and the duodenal wall. Besides abdominal pain, symptoms such as vomiting and weight loss are common. Currently, advances in radiological and endoscopic diagnostic methods allow it to be identified without histological confirmation, although the differentiation from pancreatic adenocarcinoma could be challenging in some cases. Many therapeutic options are available nowadays including pharmacological, endoscopic, or surgical treatment. METHODS: We report 3 cases of paraduodenal pancreatitis that had different therapeutic approaches. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: They show that this pathology should be taken into account in the differential diagnosis of pancreatic masses with duodenal infiltration, and that its management should be individualized and judicious.