Browsing by Author "Toste, A"
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- Does Admission NT-ProBNP Increase the Prognostic Accuracy of GRACE Risk Score in the Prediction of Short-Term Mortality After Acute Coronary Syndromes?Publication . Timóteo, AT; Toste, A; Ramos, R; Miranda, F; Ferreira, ML; Oliveira, JA; Cruz Ferreira, RBACKGROUND: NT-proBNP has prognostic implications in heart failure. In acute coronary syndromes (ACS) setting, the prognostic significance of NT-proBNP is being sought. We studied short-term prognostic impact of admission NT-proBNP in patients admitted for ACS and in association with GRACE risk score (GRS). METHODS AND RESULTS: We studied 1035 patients admitted with ACS. Patients were divided in quartiles according to NT-proBNP levels on admission: Q1 <180 pg/ml; Q2 180-691 pg/ml; Q3 696-2664 pg/ml; Q4 2698-35 000 pg/ml. Groups were compared in terms of short-term all-cause mortality. Patients with higher NT-proBNP had worst GRS on admission. They also received less aggressive treatment. In-hospital mortality was 0.8%, 3.0%, 5.8% and 12.8% (P<0.001) and 30-day mortality 1.6%, 4.6%, 6.5% and 16.7% (P<0.001) respectively. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, NT-proBNP is an independent predictor of in-hospital (OR 2.35; 95% CI: 1.12-4.93, P=0.022) and 30-day mortality (OR 2.20; 95% CI: 1.17-4.12, P=0.014). However, NT-proBNP does not add any incremental benefit to GRS for prediction of outcome by ROC curve analysis. CONCLUSIONS: NT-proBNP is an independent predictor of in-hospital and 30-day mortality after ACS, independently of left ventricular function, but does not increase the prognostic accuracy of GRS.
- Expressão de Aterosclerose Sub-Clínica para Diferentes Factores de Risco Cardiovasculares em Populações JovensPublication . Timóteo, AT; Toste, A; Araújo, A; Cruz Ferreira, RINTRODUCTION: Carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) is considered an early marker for atherosclerosis, but there are few studies on the expression of this marker in younger populations. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate cIMT in younge patients (aged 30-50 years) and its expression according to cardiovascular risk factors. METHODS: We analyzed individuals admitted for an invasive cardiac procedure. Normal cIMT was defined as < 0.90 mm, thickened as 0.90-1.50 mm and atherosclerotic plaque as > 1.50 mm. Lipid profile, anthropometric parameters, fasting blood glucose and estimated GFR were also determined. RESULTS: A total of 106 patients were included (59% male), with a mean age of 43 +/- 5 years, 36% with hypertension, 22% smokers, 32% with known hyperlipidemia, 16% with diabetes, 39% under statin therapy and 40% with metabolic syndrome (AHA/NHLBI definition). Mean cIMT was 0.69 +/- 0.26 mm, and was normal in 74% of the patients, thickened in 20% and with atherosclerotic plaques in 6%. cIMT correlated directly with age (r = 0.26, p = 0.007), log fasting glucose (r = 0.21, p = 0.04), and log triglycerides (r = 0.24, p = 0.017), and tended to correlate with the number of components of metabolic syndrome (r = 0.17, p = 0.08). However, on multivariate analysis, only age remained as an independent predictor (r = 0.29, p = 0.005). Diabetic patients had greater cIMT (0.81 +/- 0.22 vs. 0.67 +/- 0.26 mm, p = 0.039) and there was a trend for greater cIMT in those with metabolic syndrome (0.75 +/- 0.29 vs. 0.66 +/- 0.23 mm, p = 0.09). There were no differences for the other risk factors, A higher number of risk factors in a single patient showed a trend for increased cIMT (p = 0.083) CONCLUSIONS: Age is the only independent determinant of cIMT in a young population. Diabetic patients have greater cIMT and a trend was seen in those with metabolic syndrome, possibly influenced by its relation with diabetes, one of the components of the metabolic syndrome.
- Fluido Torácico Total. Um Possível Determinante da Eficácia Ventilatória em Doentes com Insuficiência CardíacaPublication . Valente, B; Feliciano, J; Soares, R; Toste, A; Ferreira, F; Hamad, H; Santos, N; Silva, S; Abreu, A; Cruz Ferreira, RA eficácia ventilatória, avaliada por prova de esforço cardiorrespiratória (PECR), tem um importante valor prognóstico em doentes (dts) com insuficiência cardíaca crónica (ICC) por disfunção sistólica ventricular esquerda (DSVE). Os seus determinantes mantêm-se, contudo, controversos. Objectivo: Investigar a eventual correlação entre parâmetros de eficácia ventilatória, obtidos por PECR, e o valor do fluido torácico total (FTT), avaliado por bioimpedância eléctrica torácica (BET), em dts com ICC por DSVE. Métodos: Estudámos 120 dts com ICC por DSVE, referenciados ao nosso laboratório para PECR — 76% do sexo masculino, idade 52,1 ± 12,1 anos, 37% de etiologia isquémica, fracção de ejecção ventricular esquerda 27,6 ± 7,9%, 83% em ritmo sinusal, 96% sob iECA e/ou ARAII, 79% sob beta-bloqueante e 20% tratados com dispositivo de ressincronização cardíaca. Os dts efectuaram PECR, em tapete rolante, protocolo de Bruce modificado,sendo considerados para análise, como parâmetro de capacidade funcional, o consumo de oxigénio de pico (VO2p) e, como parâmetros de eficácia ventilatória, o declive (d) da relação entre ventilação minuto(VE) e produção de CO2 (VCO2) e o valor do VE/VCO2 no limiar anaeróbico (LANA). Os estudos por BET, média de 20 minutos de aquisição, foram efectuados após 15 minutos de repouso, em posição supina, imediatamente antes das PECR, sendo analisado o valor do FTT. Resultados: O valor do FTT variou entre 20,6 e 45,8 kOhm−1, média = 32,2, DP = 5,7, mediana = 32,7, o de VO2p entre 8,9 e 40,6 ml/kg/min, média = 21,0, DP = 6,2, mediana = 20,2, o do dVE/VCO2 entre 19,8 e 60,7, média = 30,7, DP = 7,9, mediana = 29,1 e o do VE/VCO2 no LANA entre 21 e 62,média = 33,1, DP = 7,5, mediana = 31,5. Por regressão linear, o FTT não se correlacionou com o VO2p — r = 0,05, p = 0,58 — mas apresentou correlação com os parâmetros de eficácia ventilatória analisados: r = 0,20, p = 0,032, r² = 0,04 com dVE/VCO2 e r = 0,25, p = 0,009, r² = 0.06 com VE/VCO2 no LANA. Conclusão: O FTT correlaciona-se com os parâmetros de eficácia ventilatória, avaliados por PECR, em dts com ICC por DSVE, o que indica que poderá ser um dos seus determinantes.
- Impacto da Idade no Tratamento e Resultados Após Enfarte Agudo do Miocárdio em Particular nos Muito IdososPublication . Timóteo, AT; Ramos, R; Toste, A; Lousinha, A; Oliveira, JA; Ferreira, ML; Cruz Ferreira, RINTRODUCTION: The elderly population admitted for acute myocardial infarction is increasing. This group is not well studied in international trials and is probably treated with a more conservative approach. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the presentation and treatment of myocardial infarction according to age, particularly in very elderly patients. METHODS: We studied 1242 consecutive patients admitted with acute myocardial infarction, assessing in-hospital, 30-day and one-year mortality during follow-up for each age-group. Patients were divided into four groups according to age: <45 years (7.6%); 45-64 years (43.3%); 65-74 years (23.4%); and ≥75 years (25.7%). RESULTS: Elderly patients had a worse risk profile (except for smoking), more previous history of coronary disease and a worse profile on admission, with the exception of lipid profile, which was more favorable. With regard to treatment of the elderly, although less optimized than in other age-groups, it was significantly better compared to other registries, including for percutaneous coronary angioplasty. Both complications and mortality were worse in the older groups. In elderly patients (≥75 years), adjusted risk of mortality was 4.9-6.3 times higher (p<0.001) than patients in the reference age-group (45-64 years). In these patients, the independent predictors of death were left ventricular function and renal function, use of beta-blockers being a predictor of survival. CONCLUSIONS: Elderly patients represent a substantial proportion of the population admitted with myocardial infarction, and receive less evidenced-based therapy. Age is an independent predictor of short- and medium-term mortality.
- Impacto da Obesidade nos Resultados após Angioplastia Primária em Doentes com Enfarte Agudo do Miocárdio com Elevação do Segmento STPublication . Timóteo, AT; Ramos, R; Toste, A; Oliveira, JA; Patrício, L; Ferreira, ML; Cruz Ferreira, RINTRODUCTION: Obesity is an important risk factor for the development of diabetes, hypertension, coronary disease, left ventricular dysfunction, stroke and cardiac arrhythmias. Paradoxically, previous studies in patients undergoing elective coronary angioplasty showed a reduction in hospital and long-term mortality in obese patients. The relation with body mass index (BMI) has been less studied in the context of primary angioplasty. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the impact of obesity on the results of ST-segment elevation acute myocardial infarction treated by primary angioplasty. METHODS: This was a study of 464 consecutive patients with ST-segment elevation acute myocardial infarction undergoing primary angioplasty, 78% male, mean age 61 +/- 13 years. We assessed in-hospital, 30-day and one-year mortality according to BMI. Patients were divided into three groups according to BMI: normal--18-24.9 kg/m2 (n = 171); overweight--25-29.9 kg/m2 (n = 204); and obese-- > 30 kg/m2 (n = 89). RESULTS: Obese patients were younger (ANOVA, p < 0.001) and more frequently male (p = 0.014), with more hypertension (p = 0.001) and dyslipidemia (p = 0.006). There were no differences in the prevalence of diabetes, previous cardiac history, heart failure on admission, anterior location, multivessel disease, peak total CK or medication prescribed, except that obese patients received more beta-blockers (p = 0.049). In-hospital mortality was 9.9% for patients with normal BMI, 3.4% for overweight patients and 6.7% for obese patients (p = 0.038). Mortality at 30 days was 11 4.4% and 7.8% (p = 0.032) and at one year 12.9%, 4.9% and 9% (p = 0.023), respectively. On univariate analysis, overweight was the only BMI category with a protective effect; however, after multivariate logistic regression analysis, adjusted for confounding variables, none of the BMI categories could independently predict outcome. CONCLUSIONS: Overweight patients had a better prognosis after primary angioplasty for ST-segment elevation acute myocardial infarction compared with other BMI categories, but this was dependent on other potentially confounding variables.
- Incidência de Arritmias Ventriculares em Doentes com Disfunção Sistólica Ventricular Esquerda Grave: Existe Benefício Após Terapêutica de Ressincronização CardíacaPublication . Timóteo, AT; Oliveira, MM; Nogueira da Silva, M; Toste, A; Ramos, R; Feliciano, J; Silva Cunha, P; Soares, R; Santos, S; Cruz Ferreira, RIntrodução: A terapêutica de ressincronização cardíaca (TRC) tem benefícios significativos em doentes seleccionados. O impacto desta modalidade na incidência de taquidisritmias ventriculares permanece controverso. Analisámos a ocorrência de terapêuticas apropriadas em doentes submetidos a TRC combinada com cardioversor-desfibrilhador (CDI). Métodos: Estudo de 123 doentes com fracção de ejecção ventricular esquerda (FEVE) < 35%, submetidos a implantação com sucesso de TRC-CDI ou CDI isoladamente (prevenção primária). Resultados: Idade média foi 63±12 anos, FEVE de 25±6%, seguimento mediano de 372 dias. Implantou-se TRC-CDI em 63 doentes (grupo A) e CDI isoladamente em 60 doentes (grupo B). No grupo A tivemos 86% de respondedores clínicos, menor prevalência de miocardiopatia isquémica(30% versus 72%), e mais doentes em classe III da NYHA antes da implantação do dispositivo(90% versus 7%) comparativamente com o grupo com CDI isoladamente. Não se identificaram diferenças relativamente à incidência de terapêuticas apropriadas (19% versus 12%) ou no tempo para a primeira terapêutica (305 dias versus 293 dias). A mortalidade total foi de 11% no grupo A e de 12% no grupo B. As curvas de Kaplan-Meier para eventos arrítmicos em doentes com TRC, não mostraram diferenças significativas (HR 3,02, IC 95% 0,82-11,09, p = NS) comparativamente com doentes sem TRC. Conclusões: Em doentes submetidos a TRC-CDI por prevenção primária, apesar da elevada taxa de respondedores, a incidência de terapêuticas apropriadas não foi diferente do obtido em doentes com CDI isoladamente.
- Linfoma Cardíaco Primitivo em Doente ImunocomprometidoPublication . Valente, B; Soares, RM; Sousa, L; Ferreira, F; Lopes, JP; Toste, A; Hamad, H; Branco, LM; Cruz Ferreira, R
- Miocardiopatia Não Compactada. Revisão a Propósito de Oito CasosPublication . Toste, A; Branco, LM; Galrinho, A; Lousinha, A; Fiarresga, A; Oliveira, MM; Abreu, J; Mendes, JJ; Ferreira, ML; Leal, A; Cruz Ferreira, RA miocardiopatia não compactada isolada é uma doença geneticamente determinada cuja patogénese parece envolver uma paragem no desenvolvimento do endomiocárdio. Morfologicamente caracteriza-se pela presença de trabeculações proeminentes separadas por profundos recessos preenchidos por fluxo e como tal por Doppler a cor no estudo ecocardiográfico. No sentido de melhor caracterizar esta entidade recentemente descrita, de prognóstico pouco esclarecido, fazemos uma revisão dos casos diagnosticados no nosso hospital, descrevendo as características clínicas, electrocardiográficas e ecocardiográficas, bem como a terapêutica instituída e seguimento clínico. A propósito da revisão dos casos, é feita uma exposição e discussão da literatura mais relevante relativamente a etiopatogenia, clínica, critérios de diagnóstico, terapêutica e prognóstico.
- Um Novo Factor de Risco para Endocardite InfecciosaPublication . Toste, A; Ferreira, ML; Oliveira, JA; Feliciano, J; Conceição, J; Baquero, L; Freitas, A; Freitas, P; Fragata, J; Cruz Ferreira, RA implantação de piercings corporais tem sido uma prática cada vez mais comum nas últimas décadas, sobretudo entre os mais jovens. No entanto, não se trata de um procedimento inócuo, podendo apresentar complicações tão graves como a endocardite infecciosa, que pode surgir em indivíduos com ou sem cardiopatia de base. Neste artigo relatamos o caso de uma endocardite pós piercing numa jovem com pacemaker definitivo, tendo havido necessidade de intervenção cirúrgica. Fazemos igualmente uma revisão dos casos de endocardite pós piercing descritos na literatura. Agora que as recomendações da American Heart Association para a profilaxia de endocardite infecciosa estão mais restritas, discutimos a necessidade de inclusão dos piercings corporais nos procedimentos a merecerem terapêutica profiláctica nos indivíduos de alto risco.
- Prognostic Value of a New Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing Parameter in Chronic Heart Failure: Oxygen Uptake Efficiency at Peak Exercise - Comparison with Oxygen Uptake Efficiency SlopePublication . Toste, A; Soares, R; Feliciano, J; Andreozzi, V; Silva, S; Abreu, A; Ramos, R; Santos, N; Ferreira, ML; Cruz Ferreira, RINTRODUCTION: A growing body of evidence shows the prognostic value of oxygen uptake efficiency slope (OUES), a cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) parameter derived from the logarithmic relationship between O(2) consumption (VO(2)) and minute ventilation (VE) in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF). OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the prognostic value of a new CPET parameter - peak oxygen uptake efficiency (POUE) - and to compare it with OUES in patients with CHF. METHODS: We prospectively studied 206 consecutive patients with stable CHF due to dilated cardiomyopathy - 153 male, aged 53.3±13.0 years, 35.4% of ischemic etiology, left ventricular ejection fraction 27.7±8.0%, 81.1% in sinus rhythm, 97.1% receiving ACE-Is or ARBs, 78.2% beta-blockers and 60.2% spironolactone - who performed a first maximal symptom-limited treadmill CPET, using the modified Bruce protocol. In 33% of patients an cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) or cardiac resynchronization therapy device (CRT-D) was implanted during follow-up. Peak VO(2), percentage of predicted peak VO(2), VE/VCO(2) slope, OUES and POUE were analyzed. OUES was calculated using the formula VO(2) (l/min) = OUES (log(10)VE) + b. POUE was calculated as pVO(2) (l/min) / log(10)peakVE (l/min). Correlation coefficients between the studied parameters were obtained. The prognosis of each variable adjusted for age was evaluated through Cox proportional hazard models and R2 percent (R2%) and V index (V6) were used as measures of the predictive accuracy of events of each of these variables. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves from logistic regression models were used to determine the cut-offs for OUES and POUE. RESULTS: pVO(2): 20.5±5.9; percentage of predicted peak VO(2): 68.6±18.2; VE/VCO(2) slope: 30.6±8.3; OUES: 1.85±0.61; POUE: 0.88±0.27. During a mean follow-up of 33.1±14.8 months, 45 (21.8%) patients died, 10 (4.9%) underwent urgent heart transplantation and in three patients (1.5%) a left ventricular assist device was implanted. All variables proved to be independent predictors of this combined event; however, VE/VCO2 slope was most strongly associated with events (HR 11.14). In this population, POUE was associated with a higher risk of events than OUES (HR 9.61 vs. 7.01), and was also a better predictor of events (R2: 28.91 vs. 22.37). CONCLUSION: POUE was more strongly associated with death, urgent heart transplantation and implantation of a left ventricular assist device and proved to be a better predictor of events than OUES. These results suggest that this new parameter can increase the prognostic value of CPET in patients with CHF.