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Individualized Fortification Based on Measured Macronutrient Content of Human Milk Improves Growth and Body Composition in Infants Born Less than 33 Weeks: A Mixed-Cohort Study

2023Journal article Open access
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dc.contributor.authorCardoso, M
dc.contributor.authorVirella, D
dc.contributor.authorPapoila, AL
dc.contributor.authorAlves, M
dc.contributor.authorMacedo, I
dc.contributor.authore Silva, D
dc.contributor.authorPereira-da-Silva, L
dc.date.accessioned2024-01-17T11:59:21Z
dc.date.available2024-01-17T11:59:21Z
dc.date.issued2023
dc.description.abstractThe optimal method for human milk (HM) fortification has not yet been determined. This study assessed whether fortification relying on measured HM macronutrient content (Miris AB analyzer, Upsala, Sweden) composition is superior to fortification based on assumed HM macronutrient content, to optimize the nutrition support, growth, and body composition in infants born at <33 weeks' gestation. In a mixed-cohort study, 57 infants fed fortified HM based on its measured content were compared with 58 infants fed fortified HM based on its assumed content, for a median of 28 and 23 exposure days, respectively. The ESPGHAN 2010 guidelines for preterm enteral nutrition were followed. Growth assessment was based on body weight, length, and head circumference Δ z-scores, and the respective growth velocities until discharge. Body composition was assessed using air displacement plethysmography. Fortification based on measured HM content provided significantly higher energy, fat, and carbohydrate intakes, although with a lower protein intake in infants weighing ≥ 1 kg and lower protein-to-energy ratio in infants weighing < 1 kg. Infants fed fortified HM based on its measured content were discharged with significantly better weight gain, length, and head growth. These infants had significantly lower adiposity and greater lean mass near term-equivalent age, despite receiving higher in-hospital energy and fat intakes, with a mean fat intake higher than the maximum recommended and a median protein-to-energy ratio intake (in infants weighing < 1 kg) lower than the minimum recommended.pt_PT
dc.description.versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionpt_PT
dc.identifier.citationNutrients . 2023 Mar 22;15(6):1533.pt_PT
dc.identifier.doi10.3390/nu15061533pt_PT
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10400.17/4790
dc.language.isoengpt_PT
dc.peerreviewedyespt_PT
dc.publisherMultidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)pt_PT
dc.subjectBody Compositionpt_PT
dc.subjectCohort Studiespt_PT
dc.subjectFemalept_PT
dc.subjectFood, Fortifiedpt_PT
dc.subjectHumanspt_PT
dc.subjectInfantpt_PT
dc.subjectInfant Nutritional Physiological Phenomenapt_PT
dc.subjectInfant, Newbornpt_PT
dc.subjectInfant, Premature*pt_PT
dc.subjectMilk, Human*pt_PT
dc.subjectNutrientspt_PT
dc.subjectProteinspt_PT
dc.subjectHDE CINVpt_PT
dc.subjectHDE UCI NEOpt_PT
dc.subjectMAC UCI NEOpt_PT
dc.subjectHDE DIEpt_PT
dc.subjectMAC DIEpt_PT
dc.titleIndividualized Fortification Based on Measured Macronutrient Content of Human Milk Improves Growth and Body Composition in Infants Born Less than 33 Weeks: A Mixed-Cohort Studypt_PT
dc.typejournal article
dspace.entity.typePublication
oaire.citation.issue6pt_PT
oaire.citation.startPage1533pt_PT
oaire.citation.titleNutrientspt_PT
oaire.citation.volume15pt_PT
rcaap.rightsopenAccesspt_PT
rcaap.typearticlept_PT

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