Browsing by Author "Machado, J"
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- Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure: A Portuguese Single-Center Reference ReviewPublication . Verdelho, M; Perdigoto, R; Machado, J; Mateus, É; Marcelino, P; Pereira, R; Fortuna, P; Bagulho, L; Bento, L; Ribeiro, F; Nolasco, F; Martins, A; Barroso, EAcute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) is a syndrome characterized by an acute deterioration of a patient with cirrhosis, frequently associated with multi-organ failure and a high short-term mortality rate. We present a retrospective study that aims to characterize the presentation, evolution, and outcome of patients diagnosed with ACLF at our center over the last 3 years, with a comparative analysis between the group of patients that had ACLF precipitated by infectious insults of bacterial origin and the group of those with ACLF triggered by a nonbacterial infectious insult; the incidence of acute kidney injury and its impact on the prognosis of ACLF was also analyzed. Twenty-nine patients were enrolled, the majority of them being male (89.6%), and the mean age was 53 years. Fourteen patients (48.3%) developed ACLF due to a bacterial infectious event, and 9 of them died (64.2%, overall mortality rate 31%); however, no statistical significance was found (p < 0.7). Of the remaining 15 patients (51.7%) with noninfectious triggers, 11 died (73.3%, overall mortality rate 37.9%); again there was no statistical significance (p < 0.7). Twenty-four patients (83%) developed acute kidney injury (overall mortality rate 65.5%; p < 0.022) at the 28-day and 90-day follow-up. Twelve patients had acute kidney injury requiring renal replacement therapy (41.37%; overall mortality rate 37.9%; p < 0.043). Hepatic transplant was performed in 3 patients, with a 100% survival at the 28-day and 90-day follow-up (p < 0.023). Higher grades of ACLF were associated with increased mortality (p < 0.02; overall mortality 69%). CONCLUSIONS: ACLF is a heterogeneous syndrome with a variety of precipitant factors and different grades of extrahepatic involvement. Most cases will have some degree of renal dysfunction, with an increased risk of mortality. Hepatic transplant is an efficient form of therapy for this syndrome.
- Atypical Case of Mediterranean Spotted FeverPublication . Figueira-Coelho, J; Martins, T; Machado, J; Maltez, FThe authors present a case of atypical severe (malignant) Mediterranean spotted fever, with a brief review on the subject. Although not previously described in Brazil, the possibility of imported cases, especially from Portuguese tourists, is real. This case report highlights the severe form of the disease and the possibility of atypical presentation with confounding differential diagnosis. A brief review of classical presentation is also done. The authors believe it is a valid paper and a good contribution to your Journal of Infectious Diseases. The content of the manuscript represents the views of the coauthors, and neither the corresponding author nor the coauthors have submitted duplicate or overlapping manuscripts elsewhere.
- Bacillary Angiomatosis by Bartonella Quintana in an HIV-Infected PatientPublication . Santos, R; Cardoso, O; Rodrigues, P; Cardoso, J; Machado, J; Afonso, A; Bacellar, F; Marston, E; Proença, RBacillary angiomatosis and bacillary peliosis are opportunistic infections caused by Bartonella henselae and Bartonella quintana, which occur in patients with late-stage infection. We report a case of bacillary angiomatosis in an HIV-infected patient with skin, bone, and probably liver involvement, The identification of the agent (B quintana ) was done by polymerase chain reaction in the skin specimen. The patient had complete regression of all lesions after a 6-month regimen of oral erythromycin.
- Coreceptor Usage by HIV-1 and HIV-2 Primary Isolates: The Relevance of CCR8 Chemokine Receptor as an Alternative CoreceptorPublication . Calado, M; Matoso, P; Santos-Costa, Q; Espirito-Santo, M; Machado, J; Rosado, L; Antunes, K; Mansinho, K; Lopes, MM; Maltez, F; Santos-Ferreira, MO; Azevedo-Pereira, JMThe human immunodeficiency virus replication cycle begins by sequential interactions between viral envelope glycoproteins with CD4 molecule and a member of the seven-transmembrane, G-protein-coupled, receptors' family (coreceptor). In this report we focused on the contribution of CCR8 as alternative coreceptor for HIV-1 and HIV-2 isolates. We found that this coreceptor was efficiently used not only by HIV-2 but particularly by HIV-1 isolates. We demonstrate that CXCR4 usage, either alone or together with CCR5 and/or CCR8, was more frequently observed in HIV-1 than in HIV-2 isolates. Directly related to this is the finding that the non-usage of CXCR4 is significantly more common in HIV-2 isolates; both features could be associated with the slower disease progression generally observed in HIV-2 infected patients. The ability of some viral isolates to use alternative coreceptors besides CCR5 and CXCR4 could further impact on the efficacy of entry inhibitor therapy and possibly also in HIV pathogenesis.
- Curcumin Inhibits Gastric Inflammation Induced by Helicobacter Pylori Infection in a Mouse ModelPublication . Santos, A; Lopes, T; Oleastro, M; Vale Gato, I; Floch, P; Benejat, L; Chaves, P; Pereira, T; Seixas, E; Machado, J; Sousa Guerreiro, AHelicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection triggers a sequence of gastric alterations starting with an inflammation of the gastric mucosa that, in some cases, evolves to gastric cancer. Efficient vaccination has not been achieved, thus it is essential to find alternative therapies, particularly in the nutritional field. The current study evaluated whether curcumin could attenuate inflammation of the gastric mucosa due to H. pylori infection. Twenty-eight C57BL/6 mice, were inoculated with the H. pylori SS1 strain; ten non-infected mice were used as controls. H. pylori infection in live mice was followed-up using a modified 13C-Urea Breath Test (13C-UBT) and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Histologically confirmed, gastritis was observed in 42% of infected non-treated mice at both 6 and 18 weeks post-infection. These mice showed an up-regulation of the expression of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, as well as of toll-like receptors (TLRs) and MyD88, at both time points. Treatment with curcumin decreased the expression of all these mediators. No inflammation was observed by histology in this group. Curcumin treatment exerted a significant anti-inflammatory effect in H. pylori-infected mucosa, pointing to the promising role of a nutritional approach in the prevention of H. pylori induced deleterious inflammation while the eradication or prevention of colonization by effective vaccine is not available.
- Gastroenterite Aguda em Crianças Internadas na Área de LisboaPublication . Escobar, C; Silva, T; Costa, B; Oliveira, M; Correia, P; Cordeiro Ferreira, G; Costa, I; Júlio, C; Rodrigues, J; Machado, J; Marques, A; Simões, MJ; Oleastro, M; Brito, MJIntrodução: A Gastroenterite Aguda (GEA) é uma patologia com importante morbilidade sendo a segunda causa de internamento na idade pediátrica. Objetivo: Caracterizar a GEA, em crianças internadas em dois hospitais da área de Lisboa com diferentes características demográficas. Métodos: Estudo prospetivo de maio 2011 a junho 2012. Pesquisados potenciais agentes etiológicos por técnicas convencionais e de biologia molecular em amostras de fezes e analisados dados epidemiológicos e clínicos. Resultados: Total de 140 amostras de crianças com GEA com identificação do agente em 83,6%: 64,3% vírus, 27,9% parasitas e 21,4% bactérias. Os agentes mais frequentes foram rotavírus (26,4%), norovírus II (13,6%), enterovírus (12,1%), Microsporidia (11,4%), Escherichia coli (9,3%), Campylobacter jejuni (7,9%), Giardia sp. (5,7%), Cryptosporidium sp. (5%) e Salmonella sp. (4,3%). Coinfecções (2 ou mais agentes) em 40 doentes (28,6%). Mediana de idade de 1,4 anos (min-5 dias; max-17 anos) sendo a etiologia viral mais frequente abaixo dos 5 anos (p<0.01), com o rotavírus identificado em crianças mais jovens (média=1,7 anos). Dois picos sazonais: o rotavírus entre Janeiro e Março e norovírus entre Agosto e Outubro. Apenas 10 (7,1%) doentes estavam vacinados para rotavírus, mas nenhum com o esquema completo. A presença de sangue nas fezes (p=0,02) e a febre (p=0,039) foram mais frequentes na infeção bacteriana, os vómitos (p<0.01) e os sintomas respiratórios (p=0,046) na infeção por rotavírus. Registaram-se complicações clínicas em 50 doentes (35,7%): desidratação (47), invaginação íleo-cecal (1), adenite mesentérica (1) e apendicite fleimonosa (1). Conclusão: Os vírus são os agentes mais frequentes de GEA sobretudo na criança pequena (idade <5 anos), sendo o rotavírus e norovírus os principais agentes. O número de coinfecções foi significativo mas não se associou a maior morbilidade. A ausência de identificação de agente em alguns casos pode refletir a necessidade de outros meios diagnósticos ou a existência de agentes ainda desconhecidos.
- Hansen's Disease in an HIV Patient Complicated by Deep Vein Thrombosis: a Rare Complication of Thalidomide TherapyPublication . Medeiros, S; Fernandes, C; Martins, N; Machado, J; Kutzner, H; Afonso, A; Vieira, R; Maltez, F; Cardoso, J
- Investigation and Control of a Large Outbreak of Multi-Drug Resistant Tuberculosis at a Central Lisbon HospitalPublication . Hannan, MM; Peres, H; Maltez, F; Hayward, AC; Machado, J; Morgado, A; Proença, R; Nelson, MR; Bico, J; Young, DB; Gazzard, BSAn increase in the number of new cases of tuberculosis (TB) combined with poor clinical outcome was identified among HIV-infected injecting drug users attending a large HIV unit in central Lisbon. A retrospective epidemiological and laboratory study was conducted to review all newly diagnosed cases of TB from 1995 to 1996 in the HIV unit. Results showed that from 1995 to 1996, 63% (109/173) of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates from HIV-infected patients were resistant to one or more anti-tuberculosis drugs; 89% (95) of these were multidrug-resistant, i.e., resistant to at least isoniazid and rifampicin. Eighty percent of the multidrug-resistant strains (MDR) available for restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) DNA fingerprinting clustered into one of two large clusters. Epidemiological data support the conclusion that the transmission of MDR-TB occurred among HIV-infected injecting drug users exposed to infectious TB cases on open wards in the HIV unit. Improved infection control measures on the HIV unit and the use of empirical therapy with six drugs once patients were suspected to have TB, reduced the incidence of MDR-TB from 42% of TB cases in 1996 to 11% in 1999.
- Mielinólise Centropôntica e Extrapôntica: Experiência de um Centro de Transplante HepáticoPublication . Fernandes, MA; Miranda, S; Marcelino, P; Mega, I; Machado, J; Perdigoto, R; Barroso, EIntrodução: A mielinólise centropôntica e extrapôntica (MCPEP) é uma síndrome desmielinizante rara. A MCPEP é mais prevalente em receptores de transplante hepático tendo um prognóstico desfavorável associado. A correção rápida de hiponatremia e agentes imunossupressores, como os inibidores da calcineurina, foram identificados como causas possíveis para o desenvolvimento desta patologia. Métodos: Os autores descrevem uma revisão casuística com cinco casos apresentados em tabela simples de doentes que no decorrer do internamento na unidade de cuidados intensivos após transplantação hepática, desenvolveram sinais e sintomas neurológicos concomitantemente com alterações imagiológicas identificadas através de ressonância magnética crânio encefálica compatível com MCPEP. Resultados: O consumo de etanol em excesso, síndrome de encefalopatia hepática e hiponatremia foram os 3 pontos mais comummente identificados no período pré-cirúrgico. Quatro dos cinco doentes apresentaram, durante o período intraoperatório, variação dos níveis séricos de sódio superior aos valores de referência. Conclusão: De forma de avaliar a prevalência, as manifestações clinicas e os resultados da patologia, os autores reviram os casos documentados de MCPEP num centro de referência de transplantação hepática.
- Outbreak of Monkeypox in an STD Clinic in LisbonPublication . Caldeira, M; Fernandes, C; Neves, J; João, A; Calado, R; Pinto, AR; Borrego, MJ; Cordeiro, R; Machado, J; Pelerito, A; Lopes de Carvalho, I; Vieira, L; Núncio, MS; Paiva Lopes, MJ