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Browsing by Author "Moreno, R"

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  • American Society of Anesthesiologists Score: Still Useful After 60 Years? Results of the EuSOS Study
    Publication . Moreno, R; Pearse, R; Rhodes, A
    OBJECTIVE: The European Surgical Outcomes Study described mortality following in-patient surgery. Several factors were identified that were able to predict poor outcomes in a multivariate analysis. These included age, procedure urgency, severity and type and the American Association of Anaesthesia score. This study describes in greater detail the relationship between the American Association of Anaesthesia score and postoperative mortality. METHODS: Patients in this 7-day cohort study were enrolled in April 2011. Consecutive patients aged 16 years and older undergoing inpatient non-cardiac surgery with a recorded American Association of Anaesthesia score in 498 hospitals across 28 European nations were included and followed up for a maximum of 60 days. The primary endpoint was in-hospital mortality. Decision tree analysis with the CHAID (SPSS) system was used to delineate nodes associated with mortality. RESULTS: The study enrolled 46,539 patients. Due to missing values, 873 patients were excluded, resulting in the analysis of 45,666 patients. Increasing American Association of Anaesthesia scores were associated with increased admission rates to intensive care and higher mortality rates. Despite a progressive relationship with mortality, discrimination was poor, with an area under the ROC curve of 0.658 (95% CI 0.642 - 0.6775). Using regression trees (CHAID), we identified four discrete American Association of Anaesthesia nodes associated with mortality, with American Association of Anaesthesia 1 and American Association of Anaesthesia 2 compressed into the same node. CONCLUSION: The American Association of Anaesthesia score can be used to determine higher risk groups of surgical patients, but clinicians cannot use the score to discriminate between grades 1 and 2. Overall, the discriminatory power of the model was less than acceptable for widespread use.
    2015Journal article Open access Show more
  • Association Between Ventilatory Settings and Development of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Mechanically Ventilated Patients Due to Brain Injury
    Publication . Tejerina, E; Pelosi, P; Muriel, A; Peñuelas, O; Sutherasan, Y; Frutos-Vivar, F; Nin, N; Davies, AR; Rios, F; Violi, DA; Raymondos, K; Hurtado, J; González, M; Du, B; Amin, P; Maggiore, SM; Thille, AW; Soares, MA; Jibaja, M; Villagomez, AJ; Kuiper, MA; Koh, Y; Moreno, R; Zeggwagh, AA; Matamis, D; Anzueto, A; Ferguson, ND; Esteban, A
    PURPOSE: In neurologically critically ill patients with mechanical ventilation (MV), the development of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a major contributor to morbidity and mortality, but the role of ventilatory management has been scarcely evaluated. We evaluate the association of tidal volume, level of PEEP and driving pressure with the development of ARDS in a population of patients with brain injury. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We performed a secondary analysis of a prospective, observational study on mechanical ventilation. RESULTS: We included 986 patients mechanically ventilated due to an acute brain injury (hemorrhagic stroke, ischemic stroke or brain trauma). Incidence of ARDS in this cohort was 3%. Multivariate analysis suggested that driving pressure could be associated with the development of ARDS (odds ratio for unit increment of driving pressure 1.12; confidence interval for 95%: 1.01 to 1.23) whereas we did not observe association for tidal volume (in ml per kg of predicted body weight) or level of PEEP. ARDS was associated with an increase in mortality, longer duration of mechanical ventilation, and longer ICU length of stay. CONCLUSIONS: In a cohort of brain-injured patients the development of ARDS was not common. Driving pressure was associated with the development of this disease.
    2017Journal article Open access Show more
  • Association of Chronic Heart Failure with Mortality in Old Intensive Care Patients Suffering from Covid‐19
    Publication . Romano Bruno, R; Wernly, B; Wolff, G; Fjølner, J; Artigas, A; Bollen Pinto, B; Schefold, J; Kindgen‐Milles, D; Baldia, P; Kelm, M; Beil, M; Sviri, S; Heerden, P; Szczeklik, W; Topeli, A; Elhadi, M; Joannidis, M; Oeyen, S; Kondili, E; Marsh, B; Andersen, F; Moreno, R; Leaver, S; Boumendil, A; De Lange, D; Guidet, B; Flaatten, H; Jung, C
    Aims: Chronic heart failure (CHF) is a major risk factor for mortality in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This prospective international multicentre study investigates the role of pre-existing CHF on clinical outcomes of critically ill old (≥70 years) intensive care patients with COVID-19. Methods and results: Patients with pre-existing CHF were subclassified as having ischaemic or non-ischaemic cardiac disease; patients with a documented ejection fraction (EF) were subclassified according to heart failure EF: reduced (HFrEF, n = 132), mild (HFmrEF, n = 91), or preserved (HFpEF, n = 103). Associations of heart failure characteristics with the 30 day mortality were analysed in univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses. Pre-existing CHF was reported in 566 of 3917 patients (14%). Patients with CHF were older, frailer, and had significantly higher SOFA scores on admission. CHF patients showed significantly higher crude 30 day mortality [60% vs. 48%, P < 0.001; odds ratio 1.87, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.5-2.3] and 3 month mortality (69% vs. 56%, P < 0.001). After multivariate adjustment for confounders (SOFA, age, sex, and frailty), no independent association of CHF with mortality remained [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 1.2, 95% CI 0.5-1.5; P = 0.137]. More patients suffered from pre-existing ischaemic than from non-ischaemic disease [233 vs. 328 patients (n = 5 unknown aetiology)]. There were no differences in baseline characteristics between ischaemic and non-ischaemic disease or between HFrEF, HFmrEF, and HFpEF. Crude 30 day mortality was significantly higher in HFrEF compared with HFpEF (64% vs. 48%, P = 0.042). EF as a continuous variable was not independently associated with 30 day mortality (aOR 0.98, 95% CI 0.9-1.0; P = 0.128). Conclusions: In critically ill older COVID-19 patients, pre-existing CHF was not independently associated with 30 day mortality.
    2022Journal article Open access Show more
  • Attitudes of Physicians Towards the Care of Critically Ill Elderly Patients - a European Survey
    Publication . Guidet, B; De Lange, DW; Christensen, S; Moreno, R; Fjølner, J; Dumas, G; Flaatten, H
    Background: Very elderly patients are one of the fastest growing population in ICUs worldwide. There are lots of controversies regarding admission, discharge of critically ill elderly patients, and also on treatment intensity during the ICU stay. As a consequence, practices vary considerably from one ICU to another. In that perspective, we collected opinions of experienced ICU physicians across Europe on statements focusing on patients older than 80. Methods: We sent an online questionnaire to the coordinator ICU physician of all participating ICUs of an recent European, observational study of Very old critically Ill Patients (VIP1 study). This questionnaire contained 12 statements about admission, triage, treatment and discharge of patients older than 80. Results: We received answers from 162 ICUs (52% of VIP1-study) spanning 20 different European countries. There were major disagreements between ICUs. Responders disagree that: there is clear evidence that ICU admission is beneficial (37%); seeking relatives' opinion is mandatory (17%); written triage guidelines must be available either at the hospital or ICU level (20%); level of care should be reduced (25%); a consultation of a geriatrician should be sought (34%) and a geriatrician should be part of the post-ICU trail (11%). The percentage of disagreement varies between statements and European regions. Conclusion: There are major differences in the attitude of European ICU physicians on the admission, triage and treatment policies of patients older than 80 emphasizing the lack of consensus and poor level of evidence for most of the statements and outlining the need for future interventional studies.
    2018-02Journal article Open access Show more
  • Avaliação de Qualidade em Medicina Intensiva
    Publication . Moreno, R; Matos, R; Caixinha, JP; Fevereiro, T; Almeida, E
    As técnicas de avaliação e de melhoria de qualidade não são um conceito recente no mundo empresarial. A sua aplicação à Medicina tem, no entanto, sido feita com algum atraso e amadorismo por parte dos profissionais e das estruturas envolvidas. A avaliação das nossas atitudes, processos e resultados, quando visamos obter uma melhor qualidade dos cuidados que prestamos, tem sido muitas vezes imprecisa, pontual e intuitiva. Ela pode e deve ser exacta, sistemática e rigorosa. Para tal é necessária a utilização de uma terminologia comum, que pressupõe o conhecimento profundo de um conjunto de definições ligadas a este tema. Os autores apresentam a terminologia mais utilizada neste contexto, reflectindo sobre os processos de avaliação e melhoria da qualidade em Medicina, salientando os seus alvos e atributos. Finalmente, discutem a aplicabilidade desta abordagem global ao contexto da Medicina Intensiva nos anos 90.
    1997Journal article Open access Show more
  • Carcinoma do Pulmão. Revisão da Casuística de 12 Anos num Serviço de Medicina Interna
    Publication . Colaço, I; Estrada, H; Moreno, R; Barros Veloso, AJ
    Os autores analisam os processos clínicos dos doentes com carcinoma do pulmão, internados no Serviço 1 de Medicina do Hospital de Santo António dos Capuchos, num período de 12 anos (1978-1989). Dos 112 doentes considerados, 50% tinham confirmação histológica, os restantes tinham forte evidência clínico-radiológica, endoscópica e/ou necrópsica ou pesquisa positiva de células neoplásicas na expectoração, secreções brônquicas ou no líquido pleural. Apresentam-se os aspectos clínicos, meios complementares de diagnóstico utilizados, e realça-se o estado geralmente avançado da doença, a dificuldade do seu diagnóstico histológico e a elevada mortalidade (55,4%).
    1992Journal article Open access Show more
  • Characterizing the Risk Profiles of Intensive Care Units
    Publication . Moreno, R; Hochrieser, H; Metnitz, B; Bauer, P; Metnitz, P
    OBJECTIVE: To develop a new method to evaluate the performance of individual ICUs through the calculation and visualisation of risk profiles. METHODS: The study included 102,561 patients consecutively admitted to 77 ICUs in Austria. We customized the function which predicts hospital mortality (using SAPS II) for each ICU. We then compared the risks of hospital mortality resulting from this function with the risks which would be obtained using the original function. The derived risk ratio was then plotted together with point-wise confidence intervals in order to visualise the individual risk profile of each ICU over the whole spectrum of expected hospital mortality. MAIN MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: We calculated risk profiles for all ICUs in the ASDI data set according to the proposed method. We show examples how the clinical performance of ICUs may depend on the severity of illness of their patients. Both the distribution of the Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test statistics and the histogram of the corresponding P values demonstrated a good fit of the individual risk models. CONCLUSIONS: Our risk profile model makes it possible to evaluate ICUs on the basis of the specific risk for patients to die compared to a reference sample over the whole spectrum of hospital mortality. Thus, ICUs at different levels of severity of illness can be directly compared, giving a clear advantage over the use of the conventional single point estimate of the overall observed-to-expected mortality ratio.
    2010Journal article Open access Show more
  • Comparison of European ICU Patients in 2012 (ICON) Versus 2002 (SOAP)
    Publication . Vincent, JL; Lefrant, JY; Kotfis, K; Nanchal, R; Martin-Loeches, I; Wittebole, X; Sakka, S; Pickkers, P; Moreno, R; Sakr, Y
    Purpose: To evaluate differences in the characteristics and outcomes of intensive care unit (ICU) patients over time. Methods: We reviewed all epidemiological data, including comorbidities, types and severity of organ failure, interventions, lengths of stay and outcome, for patients from the Sepsis Occurrence in Acutely ill Patients (SOAP) study, an observational study conducted in European intensive care units in 2002, and the Intensive Care Over Nations (ICON) audit, a survey of intensive care unit patients conducted in 2012. Results: We compared the 3147 patients from the SOAP study with the 4852 patients from the ICON audit admitted to intensive care units in the same countries as those in the SOAP study. The ICON patients were older (62.5 ± 17.0 vs. 60.6 ± 17.4 years) and had higher severity scores than the SOAP patients. The proportion of patients with sepsis at any time during the intensive care unit stay was slightly higher in the ICON study (31.9 vs. 29.6%, p = 0.03). In multilevel analysis, the adjusted odds of ICU mortality were significantly lower for ICON patients than for SOAP patients, particularly in patients with sepsis [OR 0.45 (0.35-0.59), p < 0.001]. Conclusions: Over the 10-year period between 2002 and 2012, the proportion of patients with sepsis admitted to European ICUs remained relatively stable, but the severity of disease increased. In multilevel analysis, the odds of ICU mortality were lower in our 2012 cohort compared to our 2002 cohort, particularly in patients with sepsis.
    2018Journal article Open access Show more
  • A Comparison of Very Old Patients Admitted to Intensive Care Unit After Acute Versus Elective Surgery or Intervention
    Publication . Jung, C; Wernly, B; Muessig, J; Kelm, M; Boumendil, A; Morandi, A; Andersen, F; Artigas, A; Bertolini, G; Cecconi, M; Christensen, S; Faraldi, L; Fjølner, J; Lichtenauer, M; Bruno, R; Marsh, B; Moreno, R; Oeyen, S; Öhman, C; Pinto, B; Soliman, I; Szczeklik, W; Valentin, A; Watson, X; Zafeiridis, T; De Lange, D; Guidet, B; Flaatten, H; VIP1 Study Group
    Background: We aimed to evaluate differences in outcome between patients admitted to intensive care unit (ICU) after elective versus acute surgery in a multinational cohort of very old patients (≥80 years; VIP). Predictors of mortality, with special emphasis on frailty, were assessed. Methods: In total, 5063 VIPs were included in this analysis, 922 were admitted after elective surgery or intervention, 4141 acutely, with 402 after acute surgery. Differences were calculated using Mann-Whitney-U test and Wilcoxon test. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression were used to assess associations with mortality. Results: Compared patients admitted after acute surgery, patients admitted after elective surgery suffered less often from frailty as defined as CFS (28% vs 46%; p < 0.001), evidenced lower SOFA scores (4 ± 5 vs 7 ± 7; p < 0.001). Presence of frailty (CFS >4) was associated with significantly increased mortality both in elective surgery patients (7% vs 12%; p = 0.01), in acute surgery (7% vs 12%; p = 0.02). Conclusions: VIPs admitted to ICU after elective surgery evidenced favorable outcome over patients after acute surgery even after correction for relevant confounders. Frailty might be used to guide clinicians in risk stratification in both patients admitted after elective and acute surgery. Trial registration: NCT03134807. Registered 1st May 2017.
    2019Journal article Open access Show more
  • Critical Care Admission Following Elective Surgery Was Not Associated With Survival Benefit: Prospective Analysis of Data From 27 Countries
    Publication . Kahan, BC; Koulenti, D; Arvaniti, K; Beavis, V; Campbell, D; Chan, M; Moreno, R; Pearse, RM
    PURPOSE: As global initiatives increase patient access to surgical treatments, there is a need to define optimal levels of perioperative care. Our aim was to describe the relationship between the provision and use of critical care resources and postoperative mortality. METHODS: Planned analysis of data collected during an international 7-day cohort study of adults undergoing elective in-patient surgery. We used risk-adjusted mixed-effects logistic regression models to evaluate the association between admission to critical care immediately after surgery and in-hospital mortality. We evaluated hospital-level associations between mortality and critical care admission immediately after surgery, critical care admission to treat life-threatening complications, and hospital provision of critical care beds. We evaluated the effect of national income using interaction tests. RESULTS: 44,814 patients from 474 hospitals in 27 countries were available for analysis. Death was more frequent amongst patients admitted directly to critical care after surgery (critical care: 103/4317 patients [2%], standard ward: 99/39,566 patients [0.3%]; adjusted OR 3.01 [2.10-5.21]; p < 0.001). This association may differ with national income (high income countries OR 2.50 vs. low and middle income countries OR 4.68; p = 0.07). At hospital level, there was no association between mortality and critical care admission directly after surgery (p = 0.26), critical care admission to treat complications (p = 0.33), or provision of critical care beds (p = 0.70). Findings of the hospital-level analyses were not affected by national income status. A sensitivity analysis including only high-risk patients yielded similar findings. CONCLUSIONS: We did not identify any survival benefit from critical care admission following surgery.
    2017-07Journal article Open access Show more