DER - Comunicações e Conferências
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- Exantema Mercurial com Reação Pustular. Uma Forma de Dermite de Contacto Sistémica Associada a TatuagemPublication . Campos, S; Lestre, S; João, A; Lobo, LINTRODUÇÃO: A realização de tatuagens é uma prática muito comum. Está demonstrado que muitos dos constituintes dos diferentes pigmentos estão associados a uma diversidade de manifestações cutâneas, como é o caso da dermite de contacto sistémica (DCS). O pigmento vermelho, cujo um dos principais constituintes é o mercúrio, é o mais frequentemente associado a estes episódios. A DCS quando associada à exposição sistémica de mercúrio (sobretudo por via inalatória ou transcutânea) manifesta-se principalmente sobre a forma de eritema simétrico das grandes pregas e região glútea/inguinal. Esta forma de apresentação clinica tem a designação de Síndrome de Baboon ou Exantema Mercurial. O seu principal diagnóstico diferencial é a pustulose exantemática generalizada aguda. CASO CLÍNICO:Mulher de 45 anos, saudável, com história de realização de três tatuagens de cor negra no tronco há 5 anos, foi referenciada à consulta de Dermatologia por dermatose pruriginosa bilateral, simétrica, monomorfa, caracterizada por placas eritematosas e edematosas com incontáveis pústulas foliculares sobrepostas. Inicialmente, as lesões encontravam-se confinadas à área da tatuagem com posterior progressão para o tronco superior, pescoço e face. Estas surgiram dois dias após o preenchimento das tatuagens com pigmento vermelho no Brasil . A biópsia cutânea, compatível com DCS, revelou infiltrado linfocitário perivascular e perianexial na derme superficial com numerosos eosinófilos e presença de pústulas foliculares. Os testes epicutâneos (série standard europeia e alergénios do mercúrio) demonstraram positividade para o acetato de fenilmercúrio. Rápida remissão do quadro clínico após tratamento com corticoterapia tópica e sistémica. Conclusão: Este caso clinico descreve uma forma de apresentação clínica menos comum da DCS ao mercúrio, isto é, sem o envolvimento preferencial das pregas e região inguinal, mas com um padrão de pústulas foliculares com envolvimento exuberante do tronco, pescoço e face. Ilustra também o potencial alergénico das substâncias contidas nas tatuagens com potencial risco de DCS por via transcutânea.
- Recalcitrant Leg Ulcers as the Only Manifestation of Essential Type 2 CryoglobulinemiaPublication . Brasileiro, A; Barreto, P; Salvado, V; Diamantino, F; Pinheiro, SChronic leg ulcers are persistent conditions that might be a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge, with great impact in health care costs and patients’ quality of life. We report a case of a 60-year-old woman, with long-lasting recalcitrant leg ulcers, which led to left leg amputation 10 years ago. Several attempts to heal the right leg were made, including skin grafting in three different occasions and several surgical debridements, all with unsatisfactory outcome. Some months before the ulcers began, the patient had been diagnosed with undifferentiated connective tissue disease because of arthralgia and positive antinuclear antibodies, therefore low dose systemic corticosteroids and azathioprine were prescribed. For the last 4 years she has been followed in our department and since then no evidence of clinical or laboratorial criteria for autoimmune diseases was found, thus the immunosuppressive therapy was stopped. She maintained ever since a high rheumatoid factor but without other evidence of autoimmune disease. Medical history was otherwise irrelevant. Several cutaneous biopsies were performed, with no evidence of malignancy or vasculitis. Recently, cryoglobulins became positive, with type 2b cryoglobulin identification on immunofluorescence. Serology for Hepatitis C virus was consistently negative, hence an Essential type 2 Cryoglobulinemia diagnosis was established. No renal impairment, vascular purpura, arthralgia or arthritis was found. The authors emphasize the importance of considering less common etiologies for chronic leg wounds, even in the absence of other suggestive symptomatology, as well as the pertinence of reconsidering diagnosis in highly suspect cases.
- Intravenous Immunoglobulin for the Treatment of Quetiapin-Induced Bullous Pemphigoid in an HIV-Infected PatientPublication . Cabete, J; Santos, G; Páris, F; Serrão, V; Fidalgo, AThe authors present the case of a 48-year-old woman with HIV-associated dementia treated with antiretroviral therapy and psychoactive drugs, to whom bullous pemphigoid(BP) was diagnosed. Given incomplete response to corticotherapy, and azathioprine-induced bicytopenia,intravenous immunoglobulin(IVIG) was initiated. Despite transient disease control, recurrent flares suggested a persistent triggering factor. Specifically, quetiapin was implicated and discontinued with an immediate clinical response. Inadvertent re-challenge with olanzapine(a related drug)led to a new eruption, confirming drug-induced BP (DIBP). A total of six IVIG cycles were completed, without severe side effects to report, namely HIV disease progression. HIV-related autoimmune bullous diseases are rare. Treatment of severe drug eruptions is primarily based on immunossupressive drugs, raising concerns regarding additional immunossupression. This case suggests IVIG as a valuable option for the treatment of BP in HIV patients. In addition, quetiapin should be added to the list of neuroleptics previously linked to DIBP.
- Anti-Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha-Induced Drug Eruptions: One Patient, More Than a PatternPublication . Cabete, J; Lestre, S; João, A; Ferreira, A; Serrão, VBackground: Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) antagonists are effective in treating several immune-inflammatory diseases, including psoriasis and inflammatory bowel disease. The paradoxical and unpredictable induction of psoriasis and psoriasiform skin lesions is a recognized adverse event, although of unclear aetiology. However, histological analysis of these eruptions remains insufficient, yet suggesting that some might constitute a new pattern of adverse drug reaction, rather than true psoriasis. Case report: The authors report the case of a 43-year-old woman with severe recalcitrant Crohn disease who started treatment with infliximab. There was also a personal history of mild plaque psoriasis without clinical expression for the past eight years. She developed a heterogeneous cutaneous eruption of psoriasiform morphology with pustules and crusts after the third infliximab infusion. The histopathological diagnosis was of a Sweet-like dermatosis. The patient was successfully treated with cyclosporine in association with both topical corticosteroid and vitamin D3 analogue. Three weeks after switching to adalimumab a new psoriasiform eruption was observed, histologically compatible with a psoriasiform drug eruption. Despite this, and considering the beneficial effect on the inflammatory bowel disease, it was decided to maintain treatment with adalimumab and to treat through with topicals, with progressive control of skin disease. Discussion: Not much is known about the pathogenesis of psoriasiform eruptions induced by biological therapies, but genetic predisposition and Koebner phenomenon may contribute to it. Histopathology can add new facets to the comprehension of psoriasiform reactions. In fact, histopathologic patterns of such skin lesions appear to be varied, in a clear asymmetry with clinical findings. Conclusion: The sequential identification in the same patient of two clinical and histopathologic patterns of drug reaction to TNFα antagonists is rare. Additionally, to the authors’ knowledge, there is only one other description in literature of a TNFα antagonist-induced Sweet-like dermatosis, emphasizing the singularity of this case report.
- Vulvar Lichen Sclerosus: Efficacy of Photodynamic Therapy Under Conscious Sedation with Inhaled 50% Nitrous Oxide and Oxygen MixturePublication . Cabete, J; Campos, S; Lestre, SAnogenital lichen sclerosus is a chronic, inflammatory, mucocutaneous disorder of significant morbidity. Common symptoms include pruritus, pain, dysuria, and dyspareunia, frequently of difficult control. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) may be an effective therapeutic option in selected cases refractory to first--‐line treatment options. However, procedure--‐related pain is a limiting factor in patient adherence to treatment. Conscious sedation and analgesia with a ready--‐to--‐use gas mixture of nitrous oxide and oxygen is useful in short--‐term procedures. It provides a rapid, effective, and short--‐lived effect, without the need for anesthesiology support. A 75--‐year--‐old woman presented with a highly symptomatic, histologically confirmed vulvar lichen sclerosus, with at least 15 years of evolution. Pain, pruritus, and dysuria were intense and disabling. Treatment with ultrapotent topical corticosteroids proved to be ineffective despite patient compliance. She was then referred for PDT. A total of 3 sessions were performed, held at a mean interval of 9 weeks, and under the analgesic and sedative effect of nitrous oxide/oxygen gas. Response to treatment was evaluated through a daily, self--‐reported pain rating scale. Dysuria remitted completely after the first PDT session. An 80% reduction in pruritus and pain was observed after the third session, and has been sustained for the past six months without further need for topical corticotherapy. Treatment sessions were well tolerated and pain-- free, with no side effects to report. PDT appears to be effective in the symptomatic treatment of vulvar lichen sclerosus. To the authors’ knowledge this is the first case reporting the use of inhaled nitrous oxide/oxygen gas mixture during PDT performed in the genital area. Its analgesic and sedative effects may increase patients’ adherence to this painful procedure. Furthermore, given its safety, it can be easily managed in outpatient clinics by trained dermatologists.
- Retroníquia: Reconhecer para TratarPublication . Cabete, J; Lencastre, AIntrodução: Retroníquia é o termo proposto por alguns autores para definir o processo caracterizado por onicocriptose proximal e consequente inflamação crónica da prega ungueal proximal (PUP), provavelmente de etiologia traumática. Os autores descrevem dois casos desta entidade clínica recentemente descrita. Casos clínicos: Caso 1: Jovem de 18 anos é observada por sinais inflamatórios do hálux esquerdo com 5 meses de evolução, em relação com trauma pelo calçado. Ao exame objectivo observava-se xantoníquia e paroníquia proximal com formação de granuloma subungueal e presença de exsudado. Tinha sido previamente medicada com antifúngico tópico e sistémico sem benefício clínico. Clinicamente sugestivo de retroníquia, optou-se por uma primeira abordagem terapêutica conservadora com anti-séptico local e betametasona/gentamicina tópica. A refractariedade à terapêutica determinou a avulsão da lâmina ungueal, com subsequente resolução completa do quadro clínico. Caso 2: Doente de 19 anos é observada por inflamação recalcitrante de ambos os háluces com 6 meses de evolução, negando evento traumático precipitante ou melhoria com aplicação de antifúngicos tópicos. À observação constatava-se, bilateralmente, a presença de distrofia total da unha do primeiro dedo do pé, com xantoníquia e onicomadese parcial, associada a paroníquia da PUP e granuloma subungueal. Com a hipótese diagnóstica de retroníquia efectuou ciclo de terapêutica tópica com anti-séptico local e betametasona/gentamicina em creme, assistindo-se a onicomadese da lâmina suprajacente e resolução progressiva do quadro clínico e sintomático encontrando‐se actualmente sob vigilância clínica. Conclusão: Apesar de contar com menos de 35 casos divulgados na literatura, a retroníquia poderá ser mais frequente que o estimado. Supõe-se que a grande maioria dos casos será incorrectamente diagnosticada e tratada, à semelhança do reportado nestes dois casos. O diagnóstico da retroníquia é clínico e suportado pela tríade de espessamento proximal da unha, paroníquia crónica da PUP e presença de granuloma subungueal.
- Scalp Porocarcinoma: a Rare DiagnosisPublication . Brasileiro, A; Santos, G; Fidalgo, A; João, AAdnexal skin tumours are rare conditions, and often clinically indistinguishable from other cutaneous neoplasms. Porocarcinoma, a sweat gland malignant tumour, is more commonly found on extremities. Few reports in other anatomic locations can be found in the literature, and those arising on the scalp are even scarcer. The authors report the case of an 84-year-old diabetic man, with a tumour on the left parietal region for 1 year, which histopathological features were consistent with porocarcinoma. The importance of histopathologic diagnosis is hereby emphasized by the more aggressive behaviour of this tumour, therefore requiring clinical actuation accordingly.
- Low Dose Thalidomide for Treatment of Resistant Discoid Lupus Erythematosus. A Case ReportPublication . Campos, S; Ponte, P; Lestre, SDiscoid lupus erythematosus (DLE) is a chronic, indolent, disfiguring disease that is characterized by scaly, erythematous, disk-shaped patches and plaques followed by atrophy, scarring and depigmentation. In a small number of patients, it is refractory to standard therapies. In several studies, thalidomide has been reported to be an effective treatment in those cases. The most fearful side effects are teratogenicity and neuropathy. Adequate counseling and vigilance must be given to the patients. We report a 45-year-old Portuguese woman who presented with a 20-year history of severe facial and scalp DLE confirmed by histopathology. For several years, it failed to respond to several therapies, including topical, intralesional and oral corticosteroids, hydroxychloroquine, methotrexate, azathioprine and topical tacrolimus. Thalidomide was initiated at a dosage of 50mg/day and the skin lesions had improved dramatically after three weeks with complete clinical remission. Two months later, the dose was reduced to 50mg, five days per week without disease rebound. The patient´s concomitant medications during the treatment included sunscreen, hydroxycholoroquine, enoxaparin and aspirin to prevent thromboembolic events. Pregnancy testing, routine laboratory and electrocardiography were performed at regular intervals for safety monitoring and the results were within normal limits. Only minor side effects as nausea, constipation and somnolence were noted, however, they improved with dose reduction. Our data confirm that thalidomide therapy is an alternative or adjunctive treatment for patients with severe, chronic DLE that is refractory to standard therapies. In this patient, low-dose thalidomide was an effective treatment with minimal side effects.
- Hemangiomas InfantisPublication . Campos, S; Paiva Lopes, MJDe acordo com a International Society for the Study of Vascular Anomalies (ISSVA), as anomalias vasculares são divididas em dois grupos: tumores e malformações vasculares. Os tumores vasculares resultam da proliferação benigna do endotélio vascular. As malformações vasculares, por sua vez, resultam de erros na morfogénese vascular com a formação de vasos displásicos. Os hemangiomas infantis (HI) são os tumores vasculares benignos mais comuns da infância, estando presentes em até 5% das crianças. Caracterizam-se por estarem ausentes ao nascimento, com posterior crescimento significativo durante os primeiros meses de vida, e involução lenta e espontânea ao longo dos anos. As malformações vasculares, pelo contrário, estão presentes logo ao nascimento, acompanham o crescimento da criança e persistem na idade adulta. Os HI pequenos e superficiais estão associados a excelente prognóstico, com involução espontânea e bom resultado estético. Não é necessária intervenção terapêutica específica. Contudo alguns HI, pela sua localização, dimensão e número podem estar associados a outras anomalias, pelo que é necessária uma avaliação mais cuidadosa e multidisciplinar. Nesta apresentação abordaremos os protocolos atualmente em uso. Estão disponíveis várias opções terapêuticas para os HI, desde corticoides tópicos, intralesionais e sistémicos; β-bloqueadores tópicos (timolol) e sistémicos (propanolol), imiquimod tópico, vincristina, interferão-α, laser (PDL) e excisão cirúrgica. A escolha deve ser individualizada, de acordo com as características de cada HI.
- Líquen Aureus. A Propósito de um Caso ClínicoPublication . Campos, S; Lestre, SINTRODUÇÃO: O Líquen Aureus (LA), uma forma rara de dermatite purpúrica pigmentada crónica, caracteriza-se clinicamente por manchas ou placas liquenoides, solitárias ou em pequeno número, de coloração purpúrica ou acastanhada-dourada, localizadas predominantemente nos membros inferiores. As lesões com evolução estável e assintomática podem persistir por vários anos. Os tratamentos disponíveis incluem corticoides tópicos de alta/média potência, inibidores da calcineurina tópicos, ou fototerapia com PUVA nos casos refratários. CASO CLÍNICO: Homem de 53 anos, caucasiano, referenciado à consulta de dermatologia por mancha única assintomática, rosa-acastanhada, grosseiramente circular com cerca de 3 cm de diâmetro, de bordos bem definidos, localizada na superfície pré-tibial da perna esquerda com seis meses de evolução. A biópsia cutânea revelou a presença de infiltrado linfocitário perivascular na derme superficial, com extravasamento de eritrócitos e depósitos de hemossiderina. De acordo com o resultado histopatológico e pelo facto de se tratar de uma lesão única foi estabelecido o diagnóstico de líquen aureus. O doente foi tratado com dipropionato de betametasona pomada durante 4 meses. Após este período, verificou-se remissão clínica completa da lesão, apenas com hiperpigmentação pós inflamatória residual. Não se registou recidiva ao final de um ano. CONCLUSÃO: O tratamento do LA é desafiante, e de acordo com os dados descritos na literatura, com fraca resposta aos corticoides tópicos de alta/média potência. No entanto, neste caso clínico obteve-se resposta mantida com este tipo de tratamento.