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- Clinical Trials in Portugal: Past and Future. Position Paper from the Colleges of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Medicine.Publication . Borges-Carneiro, Filipa; Torre Souto, Miguel; Silva, Isabel; Leão Moreira, Paula; Ferraz de Oliveira, Paula; Lopes, Diogo José; Figueira, Luís; Reina-Couto, Marta; Cunha-Miranda, Luís; Ponces Bento, Diogo; Magro, Fernando
- Recommendations for Reducing the Environmental Impact of Inhalers in Portugal: Consensus DocumentPublication . Campos, Luís; Rosa, Paula; Carreiro Martins, Pedro; Xavier, Bilhota; Leuschner, Pedro; M Marques, Maria Inês; Albino, José; Robalo Cordeiro, Carlos; Ordem dos MédicosThis consensus document addresses the reduction of the environmental impact of inhalers in Portugal. It was prepared by the Portuguese Council for Health and the Environment and the societies representing the specialties that account for these drugs' largest volume of prescriptions, namely the Portuguese Society of Pulmonology, the Portuguese Society of Allergology and Clinical Immunology, the Portuguese Society of Pediatrics, the Portuguese Society of Internal Medicine, the Portuguese Association of General and Family Medicine and also a patient association, the Respira Association. The document acknowledges the significant impact of pressurized metered-dose inhalers on greenhouse gas emissions and highlights the need to transition to more sustainable alternatives. The carbon footprint of pressurized metered-dose inhalers and dry powder inhalers in Portugal was calculated, and the level of awareness among prescribing physicians on this topic was also estimated. Finally, recommendations were developed to accelerate the reduction of the ecological footprint of inhalers.
- Gender Disparities in the Academic Performance of Neurology Residents in Portugal.Publication . Ladeira, Filipa; Faustino, Patrícia; Soares, Mafalda; Carvalho, VanessaImplicit bias has been linked to gender disparities in medical careers, impacting not only access to leadership positions but also early career opportunities. We aimed to evaluate if there were differences in the assessment of Neurology residents according to gender. We collected publicly available grades and rankings of two major evaluations that residents are submitted to, one at the beginning and another at the end of the neurology residency program, the National Board Exam and neurology examination, respectively. The National Board Examination is a multiple-choice gender-blinded evaluation, while the neurology examination is an oral gender-unblinded evaluation. We found that 36.5% of women and 21.6% of men were in the first quartile of the National Board Examination ranking, which reflects a similar representation among top classifications when assessed through a gender-blinded examination. On the other hand, the percentage of men who were in the top classification of NE, a gender-unblinded evaluation, was more than twice as high compared to women (37.8% vs 18.3%, p < 0.05). The findings of the present study may imply that there could be a disparity in women's career progression among neurology residents in Portugal, although the recruitment seems balanced between genders.