Toxic and Metabolic Myelopathies

Ramalho, J; Hoffmann Nunes, R; da Rocha, AJ; Castillo, M

http://hdl.handle.net/10400.17/2840

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Abstract(s)

Myelopathy describes any neurologic deficit related to the spinal cord. It is most commonly caused by its compression by neoplasms, degenerative disc disease, trauma, or infection. Less common causes of myelopathy include spinal cord tumors, infection, inflammatory, neurodegenerative, vascular, toxic, and metabolic disorders. Conditions affecting the spinal cord must be recognized as early as possible to prevent progression that may lead to permanent disability. Biopsy is rarely performed, thus the diagnosis and management rely on patient׳s history, physical examination, laboratory results, and imaging findings. Here we review the clinical presentations, pathophysiological mechanisms, and magnetic resonance imaging findings of myelopathies related to metabolic or toxic etiologies.

Keywords

Deficiency Diseases Diagnosis, Differential Spinal Cord Diseases/etiology Magnetic Resonance Imaging Neuroimaging Spinal Cord Diseases/diagnostic imaging CHLC NRAD Spinal Cord Diseases/chemically induced