DER - Comunicações e Conferências
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Browsing DER - Comunicações e Conferências by Author "Cabete, J"
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- Anti-Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha-Induced Drug Eruptions: One Patient, More Than a PatternPublication . Cabete, J; Lestre, S; João, A; Ferreira, A; Serrão, VBackground: Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) antagonists are effective in treating several immune-inflammatory diseases, including psoriasis and inflammatory bowel disease. The paradoxical and unpredictable induction of psoriasis and psoriasiform skin lesions is a recognized adverse event, although of unclear aetiology. However, histological analysis of these eruptions remains insufficient, yet suggesting that some might constitute a new pattern of adverse drug reaction, rather than true psoriasis. Case report: The authors report the case of a 43-year-old woman with severe recalcitrant Crohn disease who started treatment with infliximab. There was also a personal history of mild plaque psoriasis without clinical expression for the past eight years. She developed a heterogeneous cutaneous eruption of psoriasiform morphology with pustules and crusts after the third infliximab infusion. The histopathological diagnosis was of a Sweet-like dermatosis. The patient was successfully treated with cyclosporine in association with both topical corticosteroid and vitamin D3 analogue. Three weeks after switching to adalimumab a new psoriasiform eruption was observed, histologically compatible with a psoriasiform drug eruption. Despite this, and considering the beneficial effect on the inflammatory bowel disease, it was decided to maintain treatment with adalimumab and to treat through with topicals, with progressive control of skin disease. Discussion: Not much is known about the pathogenesis of psoriasiform eruptions induced by biological therapies, but genetic predisposition and Koebner phenomenon may contribute to it. Histopathology can add new facets to the comprehension of psoriasiform reactions. In fact, histopathologic patterns of such skin lesions appear to be varied, in a clear asymmetry with clinical findings. Conclusion: The sequential identification in the same patient of two clinical and histopathologic patterns of drug reaction to TNFα antagonists is rare. Additionally, to the authors’ knowledge, there is only one other description in literature of a TNFα antagonist-induced Sweet-like dermatosis, emphasizing the singularity of this case report.
- Conservative Treatment of Chondrodermatitis Nodularis Chronica Helicis with Topical NitroglycerinPublication . Cabete, J; Lencastre, A; Paiva Lopes, MJ; Lestre, S; Serrão, VBackground: Chondrodermatitis nodularis chronica helicis (CNCH) is a benign, painful, indurated inflammatory nodule arising on the pinna. Different treatment modalities have been used with varying efficacy rates. Despite lower efficacy, conservative methods are most desirable. Case reports: Three patients diagnosed with CNCH were treated with 0.4% topical nitroglycerin ointment, twice daily. These included two women and one man, aged 66, 86, and 60-years-old, respectively. Two painful nodules were located on the antihelix, and one on the helix. One patient had been previously treated with intralesional corticosteroids, and another with intralesional corticosteroids, CO2 laser and photodynamic therapy. All three patients experienced significant clinical and symptomatic improvement with topical nitroglycerin. No side effects were reported. Discussion: The etiology of CNCH is uncertain. Dermal and chondral ischemia arising from perichondrial arterial narrowing has been recently described as a possible cause for this benign condition, hence the potential of nitroglycerin as a smooth muscle relaxant and vasodilator. A previous report described significant improvement in twelve patients treated with 2% topical nitroglycerin. Conclusion: Topical nitroglycerin ointment appears to be a noninvasive alternative for the treatment of CNCH. A lower concentration (0.4%) may be as effective and with fewer side effects, but more studies are warranted.
- Fototerapia como Adjuvante da Terapêutica Biológica na PsoríasePublication . Cabete, J; Serrão, V; Lestre, S; Páris, F; Apetato, MIntrodução: A associação terapêutica é uma estratégia frequentemente usada no tratamento da psoríase. Contudo, a associação de fármacos biológicos com terapêuticas convencionais, e em particular com fototerapia, tem sido pouco explorada. Objectivo: Caracterizar a eficácia e a segurança da associação fototerapia-terapêutica biológica no tratamento da psoríase. Métodos: Foram analisados retrospectivamente os processos clínicos de doentes com o diagnóstico de psoríase vulgar ou artropática com seguimento em Consulta de Psoríase entre 2003 e 2011, e identificados aqueles com história de associação entre fármaco biológico e fototerapia e pelo menos um ano de follow-up. Resultados: Dos 231 doentes em terapêutica biológica por psoríase vulgar ou artropática, 10 (4,3%) efectuaram fototerapia adjuvante, num total de 13 ciclos de tratamento. Nestes 10 doentes a média etária foi de 38,8 anos e tinham em média 13,7 anos de evolução de doença. Cinco (50%) tinham sido previamente tratados com fototerapia (80% dos quais não responderam). A fototerapia em associação foi instituída em média 2 anos após o início de terapêutica com etanercept (n=9) e adalimumab (n=1). Foram efectuados 9 ciclos de tratamento com PUVA sistémico, um com PUVA tópico, um com PUVA sistémico e tópico e 2 com UVB-nb. Em 85% dos ciclos de tratamento observou-se resposta à associação terapêutica (PASI 100 em 54%; PASI 50-75 em 31%). Verificou-se uma ausência de resposta e um agravamento clínico. Não se registaram efeitos adversos graves aquando dos tratamentos ou durante o follow-up (follow-up médio 3 anos). Foi possível manter o biológico em curso após 12 dos ciclos (92%). Conclusão: A associação da fototerapia, como adjuvante da terapêutica biológica, afigura-se como uma opção eficaz e de baixo custo na psoríase refractária ou agudizada. São necessários estudos mais alargados para determinar a sua segurança a longo prazo.
- Intravenous Immunoglobulin for the Treatment of Quetiapin-Induced Bullous Pemphigoid in an HIV-Infected PatientPublication . Cabete, J; Santos, G; Páris, F; Serrão, V; Fidalgo, AThe authors present the case of a 48-year-old woman with HIV-associated dementia treated with antiretroviral therapy and psychoactive drugs, to whom bullous pemphigoid(BP) was diagnosed. Given incomplete response to corticotherapy, and azathioprine-induced bicytopenia,intravenous immunoglobulin(IVIG) was initiated. Despite transient disease control, recurrent flares suggested a persistent triggering factor. Specifically, quetiapin was implicated and discontinued with an immediate clinical response. Inadvertent re-challenge with olanzapine(a related drug)led to a new eruption, confirming drug-induced BP (DIBP). A total of six IVIG cycles were completed, without severe side effects to report, namely HIV disease progression. HIV-related autoimmune bullous diseases are rare. Treatment of severe drug eruptions is primarily based on immunossupressive drugs, raising concerns regarding additional immunossupression. This case suggests IVIG as a valuable option for the treatment of BP in HIV patients. In addition, quetiapin should be added to the list of neuroleptics previously linked to DIBP.
- Long-Term Evaluation of Recurrence after Photodynamic Therapy with Topical Methyl Aminolevulinate for Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer: a Hospital-Based StudyPublication . Cabete, J; Rafael, M; Cravo, M; Moura, C; Sachse, F; Pecegueiro, MIntroduction & Objectives: Several factors may influence the decision to pursue nonsurgical modalities for the treatment of non-melanoma skin cancer. Topical photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a non-invasive alternative treatment reported to have a high efficacy when using standardized protocols in Bowen’s disease (BD), superficial basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and in thin nodular BCC. However, long-term recurrence studies are lacking. The aim of this study was to evaluate the long-term efficacy of PDT with topical methylaminolevulinate (MAL) for the treatment of BD and BCC in a dermato-oncology department. Materials & Methods: All patients with the diagnosis of BD or BCC, treated with MAL-PDT from the years 2004 to 2008, were enrolled. Treatment protocol included two MAL-PDT sessions one week apart repeated at three months when incomplete response, using a red light dose of 37-40 J/cm2 and an exposure time of 8’20’’. Clinical records were retrospectively reviewed, and data regarding age, sex, tumour location, size, treatment outcomes and recurrence were registered. Descriptive analysis was performed using chi square tests, followed by survival analysis with the Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression models. Results: Sixty-eight patients (median age 71.0 years, P25;P75=30;92) with a total of 78 tumours (31 BD, 45 superficial BCC, 2 nodular BCC) and a median tumour size of 5 cm2 were treated. Overall, the median follow-up period was 43.5 months (P25;P75=0;100), and a total recurrence rate of 33.8% was observed (24.4 % for BCC vs. 45.2% for BD). Estimated recurrence rates for BCC and BD were 5.0% vs. 7.4% at 6 months, 23.4% vs. 27.9% at 12 months, and 30.0% vs. 72.4% at 60 months. Both age and diagnosis were independent prognostic factors for recurrence, with significantly higher estimated recurrence rates in patients with BD (p=0.0036) or younger than 58 years old (p=0.039). The risk of recurrence (hazard ratio) was 2.4 times higher in patients with BD compared to superficial BCC (95% CI:1.1-5.3; p=0.033), and 2.8 times higher in patients younger than 58 years old (95% CI:1.2-6.5; p=0.02). Conclusions: In the studied population, estimated recurrence rates are higher than those expected from available literature, possibly due to a longer follow-up period. To the authors’ knowledge there is only one other study with a similar follow-up period, regarding BCC solely. BD, as an in situ squamous cell carcinoma, has a higher tendency to recur than superficial BCC. Despite greater cosmesis, PDT might no be the best treatment option for young patients considering their higher risk of recurrence.
- Pênfigo VulgarPublication . Leão Mendes, N; Fernandes, A; Proença, F; Cabete, J; João, AIntrodução: O pênfigo vulgar é uma doença auto-imune rara caracterizada pelo aparecimento de bolhas ou vesículas nas mucosas e na pele que rompem rapidamente, resultando em erosões. Atinge ambos os sexos e qualquer grupo étnico, ocorrendo geralmente em grupos etários mais tardios. Os autoanticorpos circulantes do tipo IgG atuam contra componentes dos complexos desmossomo-tonofilamentos epiteliais, designadamente a desmogleina 3, resultando na rutura das junções intercelulares com perda de adesão entre os queratinócitos ou outras células epiteliais. História clínica: E.S.S.E., 82 anos, sexo feminino, caucasiana. AP: Irrelevantes Desde Agosto 2014 refere aparecimento de eritema, ardor e prurido ocular. Cerca de uma semana depois refere aparecimento de erosões em toda a cavidade oral, com odinofagia e disfagia para líquidos e sólidos, acompanhada de febre (38ºC) sem padrão específico. Foi observada por vários clínicos, tendo efetuado múltiplas terapêuticas sem qualquer benefício clínico. Neste período de tempo refere diminuição do peso por não se conseguir alimentar, sem anorexia. Negava astenia ou adinamia. Referia perdas hemáticas genitais ocasionais, em relação com prolapso uterino, motivando ainda prurido e ardor locais. Negava introdução de novos medicamentos nos meses antes do aparecimento das lesões. Foi internada em Outubro pela Gastrenterologia por úlceras orais refratárias à terapêutica. Foi observada pela Dermatologia que, perante erosões da mucosa oral com sinal de Nikolsky e conjuntivite, colocou a hipótese diagnóstica de Pênfigo Vulgar. Foi submetida a biopsia cutânea e doseamento de anticorpos anti-desmogleína 3. Os achados clínicos, a evidência de bolha intraepidérmica com acantólise e um doseamento de anticorpos anti-desmogleína 3 positivos (124 RU/mL) permitiram confirmar o diagnóstico de Pênfigo vulgar. Iniciou prednisolona 1 mg/Kg/dia mg/dia associada a fluticasona e analgesia tópicas. A resposta parcial à corticoterapia sistémica determinou a associação a azatioprina 2mg/Kg/dia, após o que se verificou melhoria progressiva do quadro clínico. Relatório de Histologia Descrição Microscópica: Bolha suprabasal com acantólise. Infiltrado inflamatório misto na submucosa. Achados compatíveis com pênfigo vulgar. Conclusão: O pênfigo vulgar é uma dermatose bolhosa autoimune infrequente que deve ser considerada na presença de estomatite refratária à terapêutica.
- Playing With Fire: Decrease in Safe-Sex Attitudes Among Men Who Have Sex With Men in a Portuguese STI ClinicPublication . Cabete, J; Lestre, S; Serrão, VBackground: Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) present a major public health concern and a global cause of illness in both industrialized and developing countries. Portugal is no exception, with an increasing incidence of STIs, and one of the highest prevalences of HIV in Europe. Reduced risk perceptions among men who have sex with men (MSM) and a consequent high-risk sexual behaviour have been increasingly reported throughout the world. Objectives: To characterize the population of MSM attending a STI clinic in Lisbon, and to assess practice of condom use among these patients. Methods: Records of all MSM patients who attended the STI clinic from 2008 to 2011 were reviewed to study demographic characteristics, sexual behaviours, and leading diagnoses in this population. Results: Of a total of 389 patients, 108 MSM were identified (27.8%), mostly Portuguese men with high school or above education, aged 17 to 61 years (medium age of 32.4 years). More than half of the patients (52.8%) reported more than one sexual partner in the past 6 months (19.4% more than 5 partners), and only a third consistently used condom. A history of sex with sex workers was mentioned in 9.2%. The most prevalent diagnoses were syphilis (45.6%) and condylomata acuminata (38.9%). The prevalence of HIV infection in this subgroup of patients was significantly higher than in the rest of the population (47.2% vs. 14.9%). Inconsistent condom use increased over the years (36.4% in 2008, 66.7% in 2011), and these patients revealed a greater number of sexual partners than condom users (60.4% vs. 50%). However, 38.9% of condom users presented with early syphilis, suggesting inadequate use of this barrier method. Among HIV patients, almost half of them (49%) had sex with more than one partner in the previous six months, and 47.1% did not use the condom during all sexual practices. Of these, 45.8% were not on antiretroviral therapy. Conclusions: High-risk sexual behaviours (inconsistent use of condom and multiple partners) are increasingly prevalent in this MSM subpopulation, despite previous educational programmes. The high incidence of risk behaviours among HIV infected patients is particularly worrisome, and must be addressed with innovative interventions and population-based prevention strategies.
- Recidiva de Cancro Cutâneo Não-Melanoma após Terapêutica Fotodinâmica num Serviço de DermatologiaPublication . Cabete, J; Rafael, M; Cravo, M; Moura, C; Sachse, F; Pecegueiro, MIntrodução: São escassos os estudos de eficácia a longo prazo da terapêutica fotodinâmica(TFD) no tratamento da doença de Bowen (DB) e do carcinoma basocelular (CBC). Objectivos: Determinar a eficácia a longo prazo da TFD com metilaminolevulinato (MAL) no tratamento da DB e do CBC pela análise de recidiva. Material e método: Foram analisados retrospectivamente os processos clínicos de doentes com o diagnóstico de DB ou CBC tratados com TFD-MAL num serviço de Dermato- Oncologia entre 2004 e 2008. Foi efectuada a análise descritiva dos dados pelo teste do chiquadrado, seguida da análise de sobrevivência pelos métodos de Kaplan-Meier e regressão de Cox. Resultados: Foram tratados 68 doentes (mediana etária 71 anos, P25;P75=30;92) com um total de 78 tumores (31 DB, 45 CBC superficiais, 2 CBC nodulares finos). No período de seguimento efectuado (mediana 43,5 meses, P25;P75=0;100) observou-se uma taxa de recidiva de 25% no CBC e 45,2% na DB. As taxas de recidiva estimadas para os CBC e DB foram de 5,0% vs. 7,4% aos 6 meses, 23,4% vs. 27,9% aos 12 meses e de 30,0% vs. 72,4% aos 60 meses. Idade e diagnóstico constituíram factores independentes de prognóstico, com taxas de recidiva significativamente maiores nos doentes com DB (p=0,0036) ou com menos de 58 anos (p=0,039). De modo semelhante, o risco de recidiva foi 2,4 vezes superior nos doentes com DB face àqueles com CBC (p=0,033) e 2,8 vezes maior em doentes com menos de 58 anos (p=0,02). Conclusões: Na população estudada, a taxa de recidiva foi superior àquela encontrada na literatura. A TFD pode não ser a melhor opção para o tratamento do cancro cutâneo nãomelanoma em doentes mais jovens, em particular na doença de Bowen. Apesar do melhor resultado cosmético, o risco de recidiva deve ser equacionado e a escolha terapêutica deve ser ponderada caso a caso.
- Retroníquia: Reconhecer para TratarPublication . Cabete, J; Lencastre, AIntrodução: Retroníquia é o termo proposto por alguns autores para definir o processo caracterizado por onicocriptose proximal e consequente inflamação crónica da prega ungueal proximal (PUP), provavelmente de etiologia traumática. Os autores descrevem dois casos desta entidade clínica recentemente descrita. Casos clínicos: Caso 1: Jovem de 18 anos é observada por sinais inflamatórios do hálux esquerdo com 5 meses de evolução, em relação com trauma pelo calçado. Ao exame objectivo observava-se xantoníquia e paroníquia proximal com formação de granuloma subungueal e presença de exsudado. Tinha sido previamente medicada com antifúngico tópico e sistémico sem benefício clínico. Clinicamente sugestivo de retroníquia, optou-se por uma primeira abordagem terapêutica conservadora com anti-séptico local e betametasona/gentamicina tópica. A refractariedade à terapêutica determinou a avulsão da lâmina ungueal, com subsequente resolução completa do quadro clínico. Caso 2: Doente de 19 anos é observada por inflamação recalcitrante de ambos os háluces com 6 meses de evolução, negando evento traumático precipitante ou melhoria com aplicação de antifúngicos tópicos. À observação constatava-se, bilateralmente, a presença de distrofia total da unha do primeiro dedo do pé, com xantoníquia e onicomadese parcial, associada a paroníquia da PUP e granuloma subungueal. Com a hipótese diagnóstica de retroníquia efectuou ciclo de terapêutica tópica com anti-séptico local e betametasona/gentamicina em creme, assistindo-se a onicomadese da lâmina suprajacente e resolução progressiva do quadro clínico e sintomático encontrando‐se actualmente sob vigilância clínica. Conclusão: Apesar de contar com menos de 35 casos divulgados na literatura, a retroníquia poderá ser mais frequente que o estimado. Supõe-se que a grande maioria dos casos será incorrectamente diagnosticada e tratada, à semelhança do reportado nestes dois casos. O diagnóstico da retroníquia é clínico e suportado pela tríade de espessamento proximal da unha, paroníquia crónica da PUP e presença de granuloma subungueal.
- Vulvar Lichen Sclerosus: Efficacy of Photodynamic Therapy Under Conscious Sedation with Inhaled 50% Nitrous Oxide and Oxygen MixturePublication . Cabete, J; Campos, S; Lestre, SAnogenital lichen sclerosus is a chronic, inflammatory, mucocutaneous disorder of significant morbidity. Common symptoms include pruritus, pain, dysuria, and dyspareunia, frequently of difficult control. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) may be an effective therapeutic option in selected cases refractory to first--‐line treatment options. However, procedure--‐related pain is a limiting factor in patient adherence to treatment. Conscious sedation and analgesia with a ready--‐to--‐use gas mixture of nitrous oxide and oxygen is useful in short--‐term procedures. It provides a rapid, effective, and short--‐lived effect, without the need for anesthesiology support. A 75--‐year--‐old woman presented with a highly symptomatic, histologically confirmed vulvar lichen sclerosus, with at least 15 years of evolution. Pain, pruritus, and dysuria were intense and disabling. Treatment with ultrapotent topical corticosteroids proved to be ineffective despite patient compliance. She was then referred for PDT. A total of 3 sessions were performed, held at a mean interval of 9 weeks, and under the analgesic and sedative effect of nitrous oxide/oxygen gas. Response to treatment was evaluated through a daily, self--‐reported pain rating scale. Dysuria remitted completely after the first PDT session. An 80% reduction in pruritus and pain was observed after the third session, and has been sustained for the past six months without further need for topical corticotherapy. Treatment sessions were well tolerated and pain-- free, with no side effects to report. PDT appears to be effective in the symptomatic treatment of vulvar lichen sclerosus. To the authors’ knowledge this is the first case reporting the use of inhaled nitrous oxide/oxygen gas mixture during PDT performed in the genital area. Its analgesic and sedative effects may increase patients’ adherence to this painful procedure. Furthermore, given its safety, it can be easily managed in outpatient clinics by trained dermatologists.