Reumatologia Pediátrica
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- 2016 Update of the Portuguese Recommendations for the Use of Biological Therapies in Children and Adolescents with Juvenile Idiopathic ArthritisPublication . Santos, MJ; Conde, M; Mourão, AF; Ramos, FO; Cabral, M; Brito, I; Ramos, MP; Marques, RC; Gomes, SM; Guedes, M; Gonçalves, MJ; Estanqueiro, P; Zilhão, C; Rodrigues, M; Henriques, C; Salgado, M; Canhão, H; Fonseca, JE; Gomes, JMTo provide evidence-based guidance for the rational and safe prescription of biological therapies in children and adolescents with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIAs) considering the latest available evidence and the new licensed biologics. Rheumatologists and Pediatricians with expertise in Pediatric Rheumatology updated the recommendations endorsed by the Portuguese Society of Rheumatology and the Portuguese Society of Pediatrics based on published evidence and expert opinion. The level of agreement with final propositions was voted using an online survey. RESULTS: In total, 20 recommendations to guide the use of biological therapy in children and adolescents with JIAs are issued, comprising 4 general principles and 16 specific recommendations. A consensus was achieved regarding the eligibility and response criteria, maintenance of biological therapy, and procedures in case of non-response, for each JIA category. Specific recommendations concerning safety procedures were also updated. These recommendations take into account the specificities of each JIA category and are intended to continuously improve the management of JIA patients.
- Acroparestesias, Diarreia e Dor Abdominal Recorrente – a Importância do “Awareness” no Diagnóstico da Doença RaraPublication . Freitas, J; Ferreira, AC; Vieira, JP; Candeias, F; Brito, MJ; Ramos, M; Farela Neves, J; Oliveira, L; Antunes, D; Sequeira, SIntrodução: A doença de Anderson-Fabry é uma doença hereditária ligada ao cromossoma X causada pela deficiência da enzima lisossomal alfa-galactosidase com acumulação de globotriaosilceramida e comprometimento multissistémico progressivo. No sexo masculino, manifesta-se geralmente na infância e adolescência com acroparestesias, angioqueratomas e sintomas gastrointestinais, evoluindo na idade adulta precoce com complicações cardíacas, neurológicas e renais. Caso clínico: Jovem de 14 anos, sexo masculino, internado por infeção respiratória. Na história clínica constatou-se quadro com cinco anos de evolução de dor abdominal intermitente, diarreia crónica e episódios recorrentes de dor nas mãos e pés, tipo queimadura, agravados pela febre. O tio materno tinha um quadro clínico semelhante. Foi feita investigação reumatológica, gastrointestinal, auto-imune, neurológica e genética, mas foi o “awareness” diagnóstico para esta entidade que motivou o pedido da atividade enzimática da alfa-galactosidase A e confirmou o diagnóstico de doença de Anderson-Fabry. O estudo molecular do gene GLA revelou, em hemizigotia, a mutação c.195-1G>A. O estudo familiar confirmou a doença no tio materno e em mais um familiar do sexo masculino e três do sexo feminino Comentários: O diagnóstico da doença de Anderson-Fabry é frequentemente tardio devido à raridade da doença, inespecificidade das manifestações iniciais e ao vasto espectro de diagnósticos diferenciais. O diagnóstico precoce é importante pela intervenção na progressão da doença com terapêutica enzimática de substituição. O rastreio familiar é fundamental para a detecção de casos pré-sintomáticos e sintomáticos ainda não diagnosticados.
- Arthritis in Kawasaki Disease: A Poorly Recognized ManifestationPublication . Martins, A; Conde, M; Brito, MJ; Gouveia, C
- Association of Body Mass Index with Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis Disease Activity: a Portuguese and Brazilian Collaborative AnalysisPublication . Neto, A; Mourão, AF; Oliveira-Ramos, F; Campanilho-Marques, R; Estanqueiro, P; Salgado, M; Guedes, M; Piotto, D; Emi Aikawa, N; Melo Gomes, J; Cabral, M; Conde, M; Figueira, R; Santos, MJ; Fonseca, JE; Terreri, MT; Canhão, HObjective: To investigate the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and disease activity in patients with Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA). Methods: Patients with JIA, aged ≤18 years, registered at the Rheumatic Diseases Portuguese Register (Reuma.pt) in Portugal and Brazil were included. Ageand sex-specific BMI percentiles were calculated based on WHO growth standard charts and categorized into underweight (P<3), normal weight (3≤P≤85), overweight (8597). Disease activity was assessed by Juvenile Arthritis Disease Activity Score (JADAS-27). Uni- and multivariable analyses were performed. Results: A total of 275 patients were included. The prevalence of underweight, normal weight, overweight and obesity was 6.9%, 67.3%, 15.3% and 10.5%, respectively. Underweight patients had significantly higher number of active joints (p<0.001), patient’s/parent’s global assessment of disease activity (PGA) (p=0.020), physician’s global assessment of disease activity (PhGA) (p<0.001), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) (p=0.032) and overall higher JADAS-27 (p<0.001), compared to patients with normal weight, overweight and obesity. In the multivariable regression, normal weight (B=-9.43, p<0.01), overweight (B=-9.30, p=0.01) and obesity (B=-9.12, p=0.01) were significantly associated with lower disease activity compared to underweight, when adjusted for age, gender, country, ethnicity, JIA category and therapies used. The diagnosis of RF- (B=3.65, p=0.006) or RF+ polyarticular JIA (B=5.29, p=0.024), the absence of DMARD therapy (B=5.54, p<0.001) and the use of oral GC (B=4.98, p=0.002) were also associated with higher JADAS-27. Conclusion: We found an independent association between underweight and higher disease activity in patients with JIA. Further studies are needed to understand the underlying mechanisms of this association.
- Case Report: Varicella Associated Neuropsychiatric Syndrome (VANS) in Two Pediatric CasesPublication . Dahiya, D; Matos, CM; Lim, M; Madureira, I; Duarte, S; Byrne, S; Rossor, TBackground: Viral or bacterial infections can trigger auto-immune inflammatory reactions and conditions in children. Self-reactivity arises due to similarities in molecular structures between pathogenic microorganisms and regular body structures with consequent immune-cross reactions. Reactivation of latent Varicella Zoster Virus (VZV) infections can cause neurological sequalae, including cerebellitis, post-herpetic neuralgias, meningo/encephalitis, vasculopathy and myelopathy. We propose a syndrome caused by auto-immune reactivity triggered by molecular mimicry between VZV and the brain, culminating in a post-infectious psychiatric syndrome with childhood VZV infections. Case presentation: Two individuals, a 6-year-old male and 10-year-old female developed a neuro-psychiatric syndrome 3-6 weeks following a confirmed VZV infection with intrathecal oligoclonal bands. The 6-year-old male presented with a myasthenic syndrome, behavior deterioration and regression in school, he was poorly responsive to IVIG and risperidone, however had a pronounced response to steroid treatment. The 10-year-old female presented with marked insomnia, agitation, and behavioral regression as well as mild bradykinesia. A trial of neuroleptics and sedatives resulted in a mild unsustained reduction in psychomotor agitation and IVIG was also unsuccessful, however the patient was very responsive to steroid therapy. Conclusion: Psychiatric syndromes with evidence of intrathecal inflammation temporally related to VZV infections that are responsive to immune modulation have not been described before. Here we report two cases demonstrating neuro-psychiatric symptoms following VZV infection, with evidence of persistent CNS inflammation following the resolution of infection, and response to immune modulation.
- Claudicação da Marcha - Três Casos, Três Diagnósticos...Publication . Duarte, M; Ramos, S; Conde, M; Gouveia, CIntrodução: A claudicação da marcha na criança é frequente tendo múltiplas etiologias (infeciosa, traumática, inflamatória, mecânica ou neoplásica). Apresentam-se três casos de gonalgia com diagnósticos distintos. Caso clínico:Caso clínico 1: Rapaz de 2 anos, com gonalgia com 4 dias de evolução, sinais inflamatórios e limitação funcional. Sem leucocitose, PCR 87mg/L, VS 68mm/h e ecografia com derrame articular. Realizou artrocentese com identificação de Kingellakingae no líquido articular, confirmando o diagnóstico de artrite séptica. Medicado com cefuroxime (30 dias) com ótima evolução. Caso clínico 2: Rapaz de 2 anos, com gonalgia há 15 dias, limitação da extensão do joelho e calor local. Análises com PCR 6.9mg/L, VS 30mm/h, ANAs positivos 1/160 e ecografia com derrame articular e sinovite. Submetido a artrocentese com HC e LA estéreis, não tendo apresentado resposta à antibioterapia (AB). Às 7 semanas por manter quadro com ritmo inflamatório foi feito o diagnóstico de artrite idiopática juvenil oligoarticular, medicado com anti-inflamatório e sinovectomia química com melhoria. Caso clínico 3: Rapaz de 3 anos, com gonalgia persistente com 3 semanas de evolução e sinais inflamatórios. Analiticamente sem parâmetros inflamatórios e sem resposta à AB. Radiografia com reação periosteal e alteração da densidade do fémur. Ressonância magnética evidenciou lesão ocupando espaço femoral distal sólida e heterogénea. A biópsia confirmou osteossarcoma de alto grau. Realizou quimioterapia e aguarda cirurgia. Conclusões: Estes casos ilustram a heterogeneidade e amplo espectro de gravidade etiológica dos quadros de claudicação da marcha. Apesar de frequentemente associados a quadros benignos, também podem ser resultado de patologias graves e crónicas.
- COVID-19 Infection Triggered Juvenile Systemic Lupus Erythematosus-Like DiseasePublication . Ac de Belo, I; Gouveia, C; Silva, TM; Conde, M
- Estomatologia Pediátrica – Formação por Case-StudiesPublication . Malheiro, R; Fernandes, A; Pinheiro, J; Jorge, L; Conde, MA Unidade de Estomatologia do HDE constitui local de referenciação de patologia complexa e com frequência rara. Os autores apresentam vários casos clínicos, com compromisso estomatológico relevante, seja por óbvia alteração do crescimento maxilo-facial, seja por alterações relevantes da mucosa, seja por doença multiquística dos maxilares. Assim, privilegiando-se a vertente clínica da comunicação, através da projecção de fotografias dos doentes e de outra imagiologia, apresentam-se casos de síndrome de Gorlin-Goltz, de disqueratose congénita, de síndrome de Ondine, de doença de Behcet e de síndrome autoinflamatório. Comentam-se, em cada situação, as dificuldades diagnósticas e as opções terapêuticas. Sempre que oportuno, discute-se a repercussão, quer da patologia quer da terapêutica, no crescimento da criança, na sua vertente maxilofacial.
- Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis in an Adolescent with NLRP12‐Related Autoinflammatory Disorder - A Case ReportPublication . Hormigo, I; Valente Pinto, M; Cordeiro, AI; Henriques, C; Martins, C; Parente Freixo, J; Conde, M; Gouveia, C; Farela Neves, J
- Hyper-IgD and Periodic Fever Syndrome: a New MVK Mutation (p.R277G) Associated with a Severe PhenotypePublication . Santos, J; Aróstegui, J; Brito, MJ; Neves, C; Conde, MHyperimmunoglobulinemia D and periodic fever syndrome (HIDS; MIM#260920) is a rare recessively-inherited autoinflammatory condition caused bymutations in the MVK gene, which encodes for mevalonate kinase, an essential enzyme in the isoprenoid pathway. HIDS is clinically characterized by recurrent episodes of fever and inflammation. Herewe report on the case of a 2 year-old Portuguese boy with recurrent episodes of fever, malaise, massive cervical lymphadenopathy and hepatosplenomegaly since the age of 12 months. Rash, arthralgia, abdominal pain and diarrhea were also seen occasionally. During attacks a vigorous acute-phase response was detected, including elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein, serum amyloid A and leukocytosis. Clinical and laboratory improvement was seen between attacks. Despite normal serum IgD level, HIDS was clinically suspected. Mutational MVK analysis revealed the homozygous genotype with the novel p.Arg277Gly (p.R277G) mutation, while the healthy non consanguineous parents were heterozygous. Short nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and corticosteroid courses were given during attacks with poor benefits, where as anakinra showed positive responses only at high doses. The p.R277Gmutation here described is a novel missense MVK mutation, and it has been detected in this casewith a severe HIDS phenotype. Further studies are needed to evaluate a co-relation genotype, enzyme activity and phenotype, and to define the best therapeutic strategies.