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- Study Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial Testing the Efficacy of Emotion Detectives In-Out: a Blended Version of the Unified Protocol for Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders in Portuguese ChildrenPublication . Moreira, Helena; Skvarc, Dave; Gomes-Pereira, Bárbara; Albuquerque, Alzira; Góis, Ana Carolina; Fonseca, Ana; Pereira, Ana Maria; Caiado, Brígida; Paulino, Bruna; Santos, Catarina; Ehrenreich-May, Jill; Canavarro, Maria Cristina; Saraiva, Mariana; Vicente, Vitória Nunes; Pereira, Ana IsabelChildhood emotional disorders (EDs; i.e., anxiety and depressive disorders) are currently a public health concern. Their high prevalence, long-term effects, and profound influence on the lives of children and families highlight the need to identify and treat these disorders as early and effectively as possible. This clinical trial will examine the efficacy of a blended version (i.e., combining face-to-face and online sessions into one treatment protocol) of the Unified Protocol for Children (the "Emotion Detectives In-Out" program). This program is a manualized cognitive-behavioral therapy for the transdiagnostic treatment of EDs in children aged 7 to 12 years that aims to reduce the intensity and frequency of strong and aversive emotional experiences by helping children learn how to confront those emotions and respond to them in more adaptive ways.
- The Future of PsychiatryPublication . Reis Correia, J; Cavaco, TB; Catanho, J
- Perturbações do Comportamento Alimentar: Casuística da Unidade de Internamento de Pedopsiquiatria do Hospital Dona Estefânia no Ano de 2022Publication . Martins, MT; Marques, M; Correia, J; Moura, J; Barradas, N; Vaz Pinto, S; Guerra, ATINTRODUÇÃO: As perturbações do comportamento alimentar (PCA) são patologias com alta morbilidade e significativo impacto na vida de crianças e adolescentes. Trata-se de doenças biopsicossociais, envolvendo fatores de natureza individual, familiar e sociocultural. Apresentam elevada comorbilidade com outras perturbações psiquiátricas. As complicações orgânicas são comuns. O nosso objetivo foi caracterização dos doentes internados com diagnóstico principal de Perturbação do Comportamento Alimentar na Unidade de Internamento de Pedopsiquiatria do HDE durante o ano de 2022. Descrição das características dos doentes do ponto de vista familiar, social e médico e dos respetivos internamentos e seguimentos. MÉTODOS: Estudo retrospetivo, descritivo, a partir da consulta do processo clínico dos doentes internados na Unidade de Internamento de Pedopsiquiatria do HDE com o diagnóstico de PCA de janeiro a dezembro de 2022 (inclusive). Posteriormente foi realizada uma análise descritiva dos dados e tratamento com recurso ao programa SPSS. RESULTADOS: De um total de 48 doentes, a média de idades foi de 14 anos e 4 meses, sendo a maioria (95,8%, n=46) do sexo feminino. A maioria (77,1%, n=37) correspondia a uma anorexia nervosa tipo restritivo, 20,8% (n=10) a uma anorexia tipo ingestão compulsiva/purgativo e um caso de perturbação de ingestão alimentar evitante/restritiva. As perturbações depressivas foram a comorbilidade mais frequente (25%, n=12). CONCLUSÃO: O tratamento das PCA deve ser feito a partir de uma abordagem multidisciplinar. Será importante, no futuro, uma reflexão sobre os principais motivos que conduzem à necessidade de reinternamento.
- Experiências Adversas na Infância e Perturbação de Hiperatividade e Défice de Atenção: Uma Relação por DescodificarPublication . Martins, M; Matos, AA perturbação de hiperatividade e défice de atenção (PHDA) é a perturbação do neurodesenvolvimento mais frequente na faixa etária pediátrica, podendo ter um marcado impacto no funcionamento do indivíduo. Nos últimos anos,tem vindo a ser estudada a associação entre esta patologia e a exposição a adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), i.e.,eventos adversos potencialmente traumáticos vividos antes dos 18 anos. Neste artigo de revisão, apresentamos os resultados da literatura mais recentes relativos a este tema, abordando a relação com o trauma, hipóteses explicativas e alterações cerebrais associadas.
- Porque é que Ele Anda Assim? Marcha em Pontas e Perfil SensorialPublication . Pires, S; Costa, C; Martins, MT; Pereira, S; Martins Halpern, C; Neiva, S; Paiva Gomes, M; Caldeira da Silva, PA marcha em pontas (MP) define-se pela ausência de contacto do calcanhar com o solo na fase inicial da marcha, podendo ser normal durante a aprendizagem motora, associar-se a diferentes patologias ou ser idiopática (MPI). A abordagem terapêutica é variada, passando por um tratamento conservador ou interventivo. Encontra-se frequentemente a MP em crianças com perturbação do espectro do autismo (PEA), discutindo-se a hipótese de poder estar associada a perturbações do processamento sensorial (PPS). Este trabalho descreve um caso clínico ilustrativo de MP e PPS numa criança com PEA, com apresentação prévia de uma revisão da literatura sobre o tema. Tem sido descrito por alguns autores que crianças com MP parecem apresentar alterações sensoriais subtis, nomeadamente procura vestibular, procura propriocetiva e hipersensibilidade táctil. A criança apresentada, de 4 anos e 9 meses, do sexo masculino, tinha diagnóstico de PEA e apresentava MP. Os resultados do Sensory Profile MeasurePreschool revelaram uma hiperresponsividade táctil, procura sensorial nos domínios propriocetivo e vestibular, associadamente a dificuldades na ideação e planeamento motor (práxis). Parece haver uma relação entre a ocorrência de MP e PPS, contudo, os dados disponíveis são escassos, com diversas imitações. Encontrando-se uma associação consistente, poderá apostar-se com maior segurança no tratamento conservador, nomeadamente na Terapia Ocupacional com abordagem de integração sensorial.
- The Potential Role of Psychodrama Group Interventions for Child and Adolescents of Residential and Foster CarePublication . Magalhães, F; Correia, J; Sanchez, J
- A Perturbação do Espetro do Autismo na Primeira Infância: O Modelo do Centro de Estudos do Bebé e da Criança de Avaliação Diagnóstica e Intervenção TerapêuticaPublication . Halpern, CM; Caldeira da Silva, P; Costa, D; Nascimento, MJ; Mesquita Reis, J; Martins, MT; Pinto Ferreira, B; Santos, I; Carvalho, L; Paiva Gomes, M; Martins, M; Pimentel, MJ; Lopes, P; Silva, P; Rapazote, R; Catarino, S; Aires Pereira, S; Pereira, S; Afonso, SIntroduction: The Centro de Estudos do Bebé e da Criança in Hospital Dona Estefânia has organized a multidisciplinary model for children under three with suspected autism spectrum disorder, thus implementing the recent guidelines established by the Directorate General for Health. The aim of this study is to describe this model and case series. Material and methods: A retrospective descriptive study of observed children with suspected ASD. They were observed according to the model of the Centro de Estudos do Bebé e da Criança and DC:0-5TM classification, between January 2018 and September 2019. Results: The study included 178 children. The average age at the initial assessment was 27 months. From the total sample, 116 children concluded the diagnostic sessions (axis I): Autism Spectrum Disorder/Early Atypical (36%), Developmental Language Disorder (18%), Other (19%). Factors of axes II, III, IV and V of DC:0-5TM were determinant for clinical diagnosis in 26%. Discussion: Of 116 children, 36% were diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder. This highlights the diagnostic challenge posed by neurodevelopmental disorders in early infancy. The sample shows that the characteristics of the relationship with the caregiver (axis II), presence of physical conditions (axis III), psycho-social stressors (axis IV) and developmental trajectory (axis V) have a significant clinical impact. In the future, the initial assessment should take place well before the age of 27 months because of the impact on prognosis. Conclusion: This model is a pioneering approach in Portugal. It promotes a common approach of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Neuropediatrics/Developmental Pediatrics in early infancy. Moreover, it increases the diagnostic acuity of Autism Spectrum Disorders and early therapeutic intervention.
- Suggestive Evidence for an Antidepressant Effect of Metreleptin Treatment in Patients with LipodystrophyPublication . Vieira, DB; Antel, J; Peters, T; Miehle, K; Stumvoll, M; Hebebrand, J; Schlögl, HIntroduction: Lipodystrophy (LD) syndromes are rare heterogeneous disorders characterized by reduction or absence of subcutaneous fat, low or nondetectable leptin concentrations in blood and impaired hunger/satiety regulation. Metreleptin treatment reverses metabolic complications and improves eating behavior in LD. Because depression in anorexia nervosa (AN), which is also characterized by hypoleptinemia, improves substantially upon treatment with metreleptin, we hypothesized that metreleptin substitution may be associated with an antidepressant effect in patients with LD, too. Methods: In this ancillary study, 10 adult patients with LD were treated with metreleptin. To assess depressive symptoms, the self-rating questionnaire Beck's Depression Inventory (BDI) was filled in at preestablished time points prior (T1) and after initiation of metreleptin (T2: 1 week; T3: 4 weeks; T4: 12 weeks) dosing. The differences between time points were tested with nonparametric Friedman's analysis of variance. Sensitivity analyses were performed upon exclusion of the BDI items addressing appetite and weight changes. Results: According to their BDI scores, 4 patients had mild depression and 2 had moderate depression at baseline. Friedman's test revealed significant differences in BDI scores between the four time points. Post hoc analyses revealed that the difference between T1 and T3 was significant upon Bonferroni correction (p = 0.034, effect size r = 0.88). The sensitivity analyses upon exclusion of the appetite and weight change items again revealed a significant Friedman's test and significant Bonferroni corrected differences in the revised BDI scores between T1 versus T2 (p = 0.002, r = 0.99) and T1 versus T3 (p = 0.007, r = 0.79). Discussion/conclusion: Our study for the first time revealed suggestive evidence for an antidepressant effect of metreleptin in patients with LD. Metreleptin caused a rapid drop in depression scores within 1 week of treatment. A reduction of the depression score was also observed in 2 of the 3 LD patients whose BDI scores were in the normal range before start of the treatment. The reduction in total scores of BDI was still apparent after 3 months (T4) of dosing. This observation matches findings obtained in clinical case studies of AN patients, in whom depression scores also dropped during the first week of metreleptin treatment. It needs to be noted that by the nature of this observational study without a placebo group, nonspecific treatment expectation affecting mood cannot fully be ruled out.
- A Perturbação do Espetro do Autismo na Primeira Infância: O Modelo do Centro de Estudos do Bebé e da Criança de Avaliação Diagnóstica e Intervenção TerapêuticaPublication . Martins Halpern, C; Caldeira da Silva, P; Costa, D; Nascimento, MJ; Mesquita Reis, J; Martins, MT; Pinto Ferreira, B; Santos, I; Carvalho, L; Paiva Gomes, M; Martins, M; Pimentel, MJ; Lopes, P; Silva, P; Rapazote, R; Catarino, S; Aires Pereira, S; Pereira, S; Afonso, SIntroduction: The Centro de Estudos do Bebé e da Criança in Hospital Dona Estefânia has organized a multidisciplinary model for children under three with suspected autism spectrum disorder, thus implementing the recent guidelines established by the Directorate General for Health. The aim of this study is to describe this model and case series. Material and methods: A retrospective descriptive study of observed children with suspected ASD. They were observed according to the model of the Centro de Estudos do Bebé e da Criança and DC:0-5TM classification, between January 2018 and September 2019. Results: The study included 178 children. The average age at the initial assessment was 27 months. From the total sample, 116 children concluded the diagnostic sessions (axis I): Autism Spectrum Disorder/Early Atypical (36%), Developmental Language Disorder (18%), Other (19%). Factors of axes II, III, IV and V of DC:0-5TM were determinant for clinical diagnosis in 26%. Discussion: Of 116 children, 36% were diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder. This highlights the diagnostic challenge posed by neurodevelopmental disorders in early infancy. The sample shows that the characteristics of the relationship with the caregiver (axis II), presence of physical conditions (axis III), psycho-social stressors (axis IV) and developmental trajectory (axis V) have a significant clinical impact. In the future, the initial assessment should take place well before the age of 27 months because of the impact on prognosis. Conclusion: This model is a pioneering approach in Portugal. It promotes a common approach of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Neuropediatrics/Developmental Pediatrics in early infancy. Moreover, it increases the diagnostic acuity of Autism Spectrum Disorders and early therapeutic intervention.
- The Lockdown Impact on the Relations between Portuguese Parents and Their 1- to 3-Year-Old Children during the COVID-19 PandemicPublication . Vian, F; Amaro, R; Pinto, SV; de Brito, H; Rodrigues, R; Rapazote, R; Caldeira da Silva, P; Alves, M; Papoila, ALMany countries have applied mandatory confinement measures in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, such as school and kindergarten closures, which confined families to their homes. The study concerns the impacts of the first COVID-19 lockdown on the relationships between Portuguese parents and their children, in a non-clinical population composed of fathers and mothers of children between the ages of 12 months and 3 years and 364 days. An online questionnaire (set by the research team) and the Parenting Daily Hassles Scale (PDHS) concerning the confinement period were applied between 17 June and 29 July 2020. To assess the impacts of the lockdown, outcomes regarding the impacts perceived by the parents, the potential regression in the development of children, and the willingness to promote changes in family routines in the future, were considered. Of the total sample (n = 1885), 95.4% of the parents (n = 1798) said that, after confinement, the relationship with their children had improved or remained similar to the pre-confinement period; 97.3% (n = 1835) noticed positive changes in the development of their children, and 63.7% (n = 1200) noted that the relationships with their children during the confinement period would lead to some changes in family routines in the future. Multivariate regression analyses showed that most of the sociodemographic variables chosen were not associated with the outcomes. However, significant levels of pressure over parenting and parental overload (reported by high scores in the PDHS intensity and frequency scales), challenging behaviors of the children, and the impacts they had on parental tasks had negative influences on the studied outcomes. On the contrary, the number of adults living with their children, the perceptions regarding the development of their children, and sharing new experiences with them were significant factors for positively-perceived impacts on the relationships between them or in the desire to bring about changes in family routines in the future. The impacts of the lockdown on the relationships between parents and children aged between 1 and 3 years old were more dependent on relational aspects and on the parents' sense of competence in exercising parental functions. We conclude that, despite the increased demands imposed by the lockdown, nearly all of the parents evaluated the quality of the relationship with their children as positive after this period.