Browsing by Author "Serrano, F"
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- Abcesso Renal na GravidezPublication . Santos, L; Borges, A; Serrano, F; Alves, MJ; Campos, AApesar das infecções urinárias serem relativamente frequentes durante a gravidez, a ocorrência de um abcesso renal é muito raro. A patogénese do abcesso renal tem mudado ao longo dos anos. Actualmente, mais de 75% dos casos têm origem numa infecção do aparelho urinário. Os autores apresentam o caso clínico de uma grávida de 35 anos, internada às 38 semanas e cinco dias de gestação por febre, náuseas, vómitos e dor lombar à direita. Os dados clínicos e os exames complementares realizados levaram ao diagnóstico de abcesso renal. É feita uma revisão da literatura acerca do tema.
- Adaptive Filtering for the Maternal Respiration Signal Attenuation in the Uterine ElectromyogramPublication . Martins, D; Batista, A; Mouriño, H; Russo, S; Esgalhado, F; dos Reis, C; Serrano, F; Ortigueira, MThe electrohysterogram (EHG) is the uterine muscle electromyogram recorded at the abdominal surface of pregnant or non-pregnant woman. The maternal respiration electromyographic signal (MR-EMG) is one of the most relevant interferences present in an EHG. Alvarez (Alv) waves are components of the EHG that have been indicated as having the potential for preterm and term birth prediction. The MR-EMG component in the EHG represents an issue, regarding Alv wave application for pregnancy monitoring, for instance, in preterm birth prediction, a subject of great research interest. Therefore, the Alv waves denoising method should be designed to include the interference MR-EMG attenuation, without compromising the original waves. Adaptive filter properties make them suitable for this task. However, selecting the optimal adaptive filter and its parameters is an important task for the success of the filtering operation. In this work, an algorithm is presented for the automatic adaptive filter and parameter selection using synthetic data. The filter selection pool comprised sixteen candidates, from which, the Wiener, recursive least squares (RLS), householder recursive least squares (HRLS), and QR-decomposition recursive least squares (QRD-RLS) were the best performers. The optimized parameters were L = 2 (filter length) for all of them and λ = 1 (forgetting factor) for the last three. The developed optimization algorithm may be of interest to other applications. The optimized filters were applied to real data. The result was the attenuation of the MR-EMG in Alv waves power. For the Wiener filter, power reductions for quartile 1, median, and quartile 3 were found to be -16.74%, -20.32%, and -15.78%, respectively (p-value = 1.31 × 10-12).
- Alvarez Waves in Pregnancy: a Comprehensive ReviewPublication . Russo, S; Batista, A; Esgalhado, F; Palma dos Reis, C; Serrano, F; Vassilenko, V; Ortigueira, MAlvarez waves are local rhythmic contractions of the myometrium with high frequency and low intensity. They can be detected using internal or external tocography and electrohysterography. Some researchers correlate these small contractions with the initiation of labor, since they have been described as a pattern representing the uterine response to prostaglandin production. Other authors either do not validate a causality relation between Alvarez waves and labor or suggest that they have low predictive value for preterm labor. Alvarez waves' research has become a multidisciplinary subject with inputs ranging from medical science, biomedical engineering, and related areas. A comprehensive review is herein conducted to summarize the state of the art regarding Alvarez waves and their role in the initiation of labor, namely in preterm birth. The results show that a large number of studies have analyzed and characterized Alvarez waves without necessarily digging into their relationship with labor. Publications were categorized in three groups: (A) reports about morphology and characterization of Alvarez waves; (B) publications reporting a positive causality relation between Alvarez waves and labor; and (C) publications reporting an absence of causality regarding the previous hypothesis. Studies in group B outnumbered those in group C. A critical analysis is presented.
- Antiphospholipid Syndrome: a Complex DiseasePublication . Serrano, F
- Association Between Glycated Albumin, Fructosamine, and HbA1c with Neonatal Outcomes in a Prospective Cohort of Women with Gestational Diabetes MellitusPublication . Mendes, N; Alves, M; Andrade, R; Ribeiro, R; Papoila, AL; Serrano, FObjective: To investigate whether glycated albumin, fructosamine, and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) are associated with neonatal complications in newborns of pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Methods: Between November 2016 and September 2017, women with a singleton pregnancy and GDM were enrolled in a prospective study in an obstetric Portuguese referral center. Glycemic markers were compared between mothers of newborns with and without complications. Multivariable logistic regression models and corresponding areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) were used. Results: A total of 85 women participated in the study. Raised levels of glycated albumin and fructosamine were associated with at least one neonatal complication (OR- [odds ratio] estimate: 1.33, P=0.015; OR: 1.24, P=0.027, respectively) and with respiratory disorders at birth (OR 1.41, P=0.004; OR 1.26, P=0.014, respectively). HbA1c was not associated with these outcomes. All biomarkers were associated with large-for-gestational age (LGA) status (OR 1.61, P<0.001; OR 1.45, P<0.001; OR 3.62, P=0.032 for glycated albumin, fructosamine, and HbA1c, respectively). All had similar AUC for at least one neonatal complication (0.82; 0.81; 0.79, respectively). For newborn respiratory disorders, AUCs were 0.83, 0.81, and 0.76, respectively, and for LGA status were 0.81, 0.79, and 0.71, respectively. Conclusion: Raised values of glycated albumin and fructosamine were associated with particular perinatal complications in newborns of mothers with GDM, better discriminating mothers of newborns with and without complications than HbA1c.
- Balance Between Maternal Antiviral Response and Placental Transfer of Protection in Gestational SARS-CoV-2 InfectionPublication . Gonçalves, J; Melro, M; Alenquer, M; Araújo, C; Castro-Neves, J; Amaral-Silva, D; Ferreira, F; Ramalho, JS; Charepe, N; Serrano, F; Pontinha, C; Amorim, MJ; Soares, HThe intricate interplay between maternal immune response to SARS-CoV-2 and the transfer of protective factors to the fetus remains unclear. By analyzing mother-neonate dyads from second and third trimester SARS-CoV-2 infections, our study shows that neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) are infrequently detected in cord blood. We uncovered that this is due to impaired IgG-NAb placental transfer in symptomatic infection and to the predominance of maternal SARS-CoV-2 NAbs of the IgA and IgM isotypes, which are prevented from crossing the placenta. Crucially, the balance between maternal antiviral response and transplacental transfer of IgG-NAbs appears to hinge on IL-6 and IL-10 produced in response to SARS-CoV-2 infection. In addition, asymptomatic maternal infection was associated with expansion of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgM and NK cell frequency. Our findings identify a protective role for IgA/IgM-NAbs in gestational SARS-CoV-2 infection and open the possibility that the maternal immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection might benefit the neonate in 2 ways, first by skewing maternal immune response toward immediate viral clearance, and second by endowing the neonate with protective mechanisms to curtail horizontal viral transmission in the critical postnatal period, via the priming of IgA/IgM-NAbs to be transferred by the breast milk and via NK cell expansion in the neonate.
- Beyond Self-Monitored Plasma Glucose and HbA1c: the Role of Non-Traditional Glycaemic Markers in Gestational Diabetes MellitusPublication . Mendes, N; Tavares Ribeiro, R; Serrano, FStrict glycaemic management is the cornerstone of metabolic control in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Current monitoring standards involve self-monitoring plasma glucose (SMBG) and haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c). However, both have important limitations. SMBG only reflects instantaneous blood glucose and the inconvenience of self-collecting blood frequently results in poor compliance. HbA1c provides information on blood glucose levels from the previous 2 to 3 months and it is influenced by iron-deficient states, common during pregnancy. There is an urgent need for new shorter-term glycaemic markers, as glycated albumin, fructosamine or 1,5-anhydroglucitol. Glycated albumin seems especially interesting as it provides information on blood glucose levels over the foregoing 2-3 weeks and it is not influenced by iron deficiency or the dilutional anaemia of pregnancy. Fructosamine has a precise and inexpensive measurement and it is not affected by haemoglobin characteristics. This review further discusses the potential value of these non-traditional indicators of glycaemic control in patients with GDM, outlining their possible future applications.
- Congenital Complete Atrioventricular Block. Case Report and Review of the LiteraturePublication . Massa, AC; Freitas, I; Borges, A; Serrano, FIntroduction: Congenital complete atrioventricular block (AVB) without cardiac malformation is a rare and potentially fatal condition. In most cases it is associated with maternal systemic lupus erythematosus through transplacental passage of antibodies anti-SSA/Ro and/or anti-SSB/La. Antenatal fluorinated-steroids have been successful in reversing first and second degree congenital AVB but inconsistent in third degree block. Case Report:The authors report a case of fetal bradycardia diagnosed at 24 weeks of gestation. The fetal echocardiogram revealed a second/third degree AVB without structural heart disease. Maternal anti-SSA/Ro antibodies were detected. There was no blockage improvement with maternal oral fluorinated-steroids. An elective cesarean section was performed at term with the delivery of a healthy girl that required an epicardical pacemaker on the 8th day of life. Conclusion: In this case, treatment with maternal fluorinated corticosteroids was not effective in preventing progression of the heart block.
- Contracepção em Doenças Auto-ImunesPublication . Vicente, L; Serrano, F; Lopes, JDApesar do conhecimento do envolvimento dos estrogénios na fisiopatologia das doenças auto-imunes, continuamos a utilizar os contraceptivos orais (CO) estroprogestativos nestas doenças como se ainda tivessem as formulações iniciais de alta dosagem. Do conhecimento do mecanismo de intervenção dos estrogénios no sistema imunitário destacam-se a detecção de receptores estrogénicos nas células imunitárias, influência estrogénica na produção de citocinas e expressão de proto-oncogenes envolvidos na apoptose. Na artrite reumatóide, os CO poderão ter um papel protector no desenvolvimento da doença, apesar desta ter uma incidência maior no sexo feminino. No Lupus Eritematoso Sistémico (LES) estudou-se o papel dos CO com estrogénios na exacerbação da doença e no agravamento do risco trombótico existente. Assim, os CO estroprogestativos de baixa dosagem estão permitidos nas mulheres com LES em remissão ou com actividade moderada, sem anticorpos anti-fosfolípidos, sem antecedentes pessoais de tromboembolismo, sem atingimento renal grave, não fumadoras e normotensas. Existem outras alternativas contraceptivas aconselhadas para os restantes casos, nomeadamente a contracepção injectável, progestativos orais ou em implantes, dispositivo intra-uterino, laqueação tubária e vasectomia.
- Corticoterapia em ObstetríciaPublication . Lima, J; Borges, A; Serrano, F; Soares, CDevido às suas potentes propriedades anti-inflamatórias e imunossupressoras, os corticosteróides sistémicos são utilizados no tratamento de várias doenças na gravidez, nomeadamente na asma, na artrite reumatóide, na doença inflamatória do intestino e no lúpus disseminado eritematoso. Os ensaios clínicos randomizados, demonstraram que a administração de 2 injecções de corticosteróides à grávida, antes do parto pré-termo, reduz o síndroma de dificuldade respiratória, a mortalidade neonatal e a hemorragia intraventricular. O uso de corticosteróides no síndroma de HELLP, parece melhorar a saúde materna e fetal com o benefício adicional de promover uma rápida recuperação materna pós-parto. No entanto, esta classe de fármacos pode potencialmente causar múltiplos efeitos adversos. Neste artigo são abordados alguns aspectos práticos relacionados com o uso de corticosteróides na gravidez.