Browsing by Author "Soares, RM"
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- Assistência Ventricular em CriançasPublication . Fragata, J; Coelho, PP; Afonso, D; Nogueira, G; Trigo, C; Soares, RM; Banazol, N; Silva, N; Fragata, IDescreve-se a utilização de um sistema de assistência mecânica bi-ventricular, para-corpórea (Berlin Heart), como ponte para transplante, numa criança de dois anos, sofrendo de miocardiopatia dilatada. O período de assistência durou três meses e meio e o transplante foi bem sucedido. Descreve-se o caso clínico, os protocolos usados e revêem-se as indicações, as técnicas e os problemas com a assistência ventricular mecânica em crianças.
- Benefícios da Terapêutica de Ressincronização Cardíaca na «Miocardiopatia Muito Dilatada»Publication . Lousinha, A; Oliveira, MM; Feliciano, J; Galrinho, A; Branco, LM; Silva Cunha, P; Hamad, H; Ramos, R; Abreu, J; Leal, A; Santos, S; Soares, RM; Nogueira da Silva, M; Cruz Ferreira, RINTRODUCTION: Recent clinical trials have studied parameters that could predict response to cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) in patients with advanced heart failure. Left ventricular end-diastolic dimension (LVEDD) is regarded as a possible predictor of response to CRT. OBJECTIVE: To study the response to CRT in patients with very dilated cardiomyopathy, i.e. those at a more advanced stage of the pathology, analyzing both the responder rate and reverse remodeling in two groups of patients classified according to LVEDD. METHODS: We performed a retrospective analysis of 71 patients who underwent CRT (aged 62 +/- 11 years; 65% male; 93% in NYHA functional class > or = III; 31% with ischemic cardiomyopathy; left ventricular ejection fraction [LVEF] 25.6 +/- 6.8%; 32% in atrial fibrillation; QRS 176 +/- 31 ms). Twenty-two (31%) patients with LVEDD > or = 45 mm/m2 (49.2 +/- 3.5 mm/m2) were considered to have very dilated cardiomyopathy (Group A) and 49 patients had LVEDD > 37 mm/m2 and < 45 mm/m2 (39.4 +/- 3.8 mm/m2) (Group B). All patients were assessed by two-dimensional echocardiography at baseline and six months after CRT. The following parameters were analyzed: NYHA functional class, LVEF and LVEDD. Responders were defined clinically (improvement of > or = 1 NYHA class) and by echocardiography, with a minimum 15% increase over baseline LVEF combined with a reduction in LVEDD (reverse remodeling). RESULTS: There were no significant differences in baseline demographic characteristics between the two groups. At six-month followup, we observed an improvement in LVEF (delta 8.5 +/- 11.8%) and a reduction in LVEDD (delta 3.7 +/- 6.8 mm/m2), with fifty-seven (79%) patients being classified as clinical responders. The percentage of patients with reverse remodeling was similar in both groups (64% vs. 73%, p = NS), as were percentages of improved LVEF (delta 6.3 +/- 11% vs. delta 9.6 +/- 12%; p = NS) and decreased LVEDD (delta 3.7 +/- 5.5 mm/m2 vs. delta 3.7 +/- 7.4 mm/m2; p = NS). We found a higher percentage of clinical responders in patients with very dilated cardiomyopathy (96% vs. 72%, p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: In this study, a significant number of responders showed reverse remodeling after CRT. Although a higher percentage of patients with very dilated cardiomyopathy showed improvement in functional class, the extent of reverse remodeling was similar in both groups.
- Congenital Heart Disease in Adults: Assessment of Functional Capacity Using Cardiopulmonary Exercise TestinPublication . Aguiar Rosa, S; Agapito, A; Soares, RM; Sousa, L; Oliveira, JA; Abreu, A; Silva, AS; Alves, S; Aidos, H; Pinto, MF; Cruz Ferreira, RAIM: The aim of the study was to compare functional capacity in different types of congenital heart disease (CHD), as assessed by cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET). METHODS: A retrospective analysis was performed of adult patients with CHD who had undergone CPET in a single tertiary center. Diagnoses were divided into repaired tetralogy of Fallot, transposition of the great arteries (TGA) after Senning or Mustard procedures or congenitally corrected TGA, complex defects, shunts, left heart valve disease and right ventricular outflow tract obstruction. RESULTS: We analyzed 154 CPET cases. There were significant differences between groups, with the lowest peak oxygen consumption (VO2) values seen in patients with cardiac shunts (39% with Eisenmenger physiology) (17.2±7.1ml/kg/min, compared to 26.2±7.0ml/kg/min in tetralogy of Fallot patients; p<0.001), the lowest percentage of predicted peak VO2 in complex heart defects (50.1±13.0%) and the highest minute ventilation/carbon dioxide production slope in cardiac shunts (38.4±13.4). Chronotropism was impaired in patients with complex defects. Eisenmenger syndrome (n=17) was associated with the lowest peak VO2 (16.9±4.8 vs. 23.6±7.8ml/kg/min; p=0.001) and the highest minute ventilation/carbon dioxide production slope (44.8±14.7 vs. 31.0± 8.5; p=0.002). Age, cyanosis, CPET duration, peak systolic blood pressure, time to anaerobic threshold and heart rate at anaerobic threshold were predictors of the combined outcome of all-cause mortality and hospitalization for cardiac cause. CONCLUSION: Across the spectrum of CHD, cardiac shunts (particularly in those with Eisenmenger syndrome) and complex defects were associated with lower functional capacity and attenuated chronotropic response to exercise.
- Correlação da Variação dos Níveis de NT-ProBNP com a Modificação da Capacidade Funcional em Doentes com Insuficiência Cardíaca CrónicaPublication . Fernandes, RM; Feliciano, J; Soares, RM; Mamede, A; Ramos, R; Miranda, F; Silva, S; Timóteo, AT; Abreu, A; Cruz Ferreira, ROBJECTIVE: We set out to evaluate whether changes in N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (proBNP) can predict changes in functional capacity, as determined by cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET), in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) due to dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). METHODS: We studied 37 patients with CHF due to DCM, 81% non-ischemic, 28 male, who performed symptom-limited treadmill CPET, with the modified Bruce protocol, in two consecutive evaluations, with determination of proBNP after 10 minutes rest prior to CPET. The time between evaluations was 9.6+/-5.5 months, and age at first evaluation was 41.1+/-13.9 years (21 to 67). RESULTS IN THE FIRST AND SECOND EVALUATIONS RESPECTIVELY WERE: NYHA functional class >II 51% and 16% (p<0.001), sinus rhythm 89% and 86.5% (NS), left ventricular ejection fraction 24.9+/-8.9% and 26.6+/-8.6% (NS), creatinine 1.03+/-0.25 and 1.09+/-0.42 mg/dl (NS), taking ACE inhibitors or ARBs 94.5% and 100% (NS), beta-blockers 73% and 97.3% (p<0.001), and spironolactone 89% and 89% (NS). We analyzed the absolute and percentage variation (AV and PV) in peak oxygen uptake (pVO2--ml/kg/min) and proBNP (pg/ml) between the two evaluations. RESULTS: (1) pVO2 AV: -17.4 to 15.2 (1.9+/-5.7); pVO2 PV: -56.1 to 84% (11.0+/-25.2); proBNP AV: -12850 to 5983 (-778.4+/-3332.5); proBNP PV: -99.0 to 379.5% (-8.8+/-86.3); (2) The correlations obtained--r value and p value [r (p)]--are shown in the table below; (3) We considered that a coefficient of variation of pVO2 PV of >10% represented a significant change in functional capacity. On ROC curve analysis, a proBNP PV value of 28% showed 80% sensitivity and 79% specificity for pVO2 PV of >10% (AUC=0.876, p=0.01, 95% CI 0.75 to 0.99). CONCLUSIONS: In patients with CHF due to DCM, changes in proBNP values correlate with variations in pVO2, as assessed by CPET. However, our results suggest that only a proBNP PV of >28% predicts a significant change in functional capacity.
- Fístulas Coronárias para o Ventrículo Direito após Transplantação CardíacaPublication . Fiarresga, A; Martins, S; Cruz Ferreira, R; Ferreira, ML; Soares, RM; Quininha, J
- Impact of Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy on Inflammatory Biomarkers and Cardiac Remodeling: The Paradox of Functional and Echocardiographic ResponsePublication . Almeida-Morais, L; Abreu, A; Oliveira, MM; Silva Cunha, P; Rodrigues, I; Portugal, G; Rio, P; Soares, RM; Mota Carmo, M; Cruz Ferreira, RINTRODUCTION: Response to cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) can currently be assessed by clinical or echocardiographic criteria, and there is no strong evidence supporting the use of one rather than the other. Reductions in B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) and C-reactive protein (CRP) have been shown to be associated with CRT response. This study aims to assess variation in BNP and CRP six months after CRT and to correlate this variation with criteria of functional and echocardiographic response. METHODS: Patients undergoing CRT were prospectively enrolled between 2011 and 2014. CRT response was defined by echocardiography (15% reduction in left ventricular end-systolic volume) and by cardiopulmonary exercise testing (10% increase in peak oxygen consumption) from baseline to six months after device implantation. RESULTS: A total of 115 patients were enrolled (68.7% male, mean age 68.6±10.5 years). Echocardiographic response was seen in 51.4% and 59.2% were functional responders. There was no statistical correlation between the two. Functional response was associated with a significantly greater reduction in BNP (-167.6±264.1 vs. -24.9±269.4 pg/ml; p=0.044) and CRP levels (-1.6±4.4 vs. 2.4±9.9 mg/l; p=0.04). Nonetheless, a non-significant reduction in BNP and CRP was observed in echocardiographic responders (BNP -144.7±260.2 vs. -66.1±538.2 pg/ml and CRP -7.1±24.3 vs. 0.8±10.3 mg/l; p>0.05). CONCLUSION: An increase in exercise capacity after CRT implantation is associated with improvement in myocardial remodeling and inflammatory biomarkers. This finding highlights the importance of improvement in functional capacity after CRT implantation, not commonly considered a criterion of CRT response.
- Impact of Cardiorespiratory Fitness on the Obesity Paradox in Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection FractionPublication . Ilhão Moreira, R; Pereira da Silva, T; Valentim Gonçalves, A; Feliciano, J; Rio, P; Soares, RM; Cruz Ferreira, RBackground: Higher body mass index (BMI) has been associated with improved outcomes in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. This finding has led to the concept of the obesity paradox. Objective: To investigate the impact of exercise tolerance and cardiorespiratory capacity on the obesity paradox. Methods: Outpatients with symptomatic heart failure and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) ≤ 40%, followed up in our center, prospectively underwent baseline comprehensive evaluation including clinical, laboratorial, electrocardiographic, echocardiographic, and cardiopulmonary exercise testing parameters. The study population was divided according to BMI (< 25, 25 - 29.9, and ≥ 30 kg/m2). All patients were followed for 60 months. The combined endpoint was defined as cardiac death, urgent heart transplantation, or need for mechanical circulatory support. P value < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: In the 282 enrolled patients (75% male, 54 ± 12 years, BMI 27 ± 4 kg/m2, LVEF 27% ± 7%), the composite endpoint occurred in 24.4% during follow-up. Patients with higher BMI were older, and they had higher LVEF and serum sodium levels, as well as lower ventilatory efficiency (VE/VCO2) slope. VE/VCO2 and peak oxygen consumption (pVO2) were strong predictors of prognosis (p < 0.001). In univariable Cox regression analysis, higher BMI was associated with better outcomes (HR 0.940, CI 0.886 - 0.998, p 0.042). However, after adjusting for either VE/VCO2 slope or pVO2, the protective role of BMI disappeared. Survival benefit of BMI was not evident when patients were grouped according to cardiorespiratory fitness class (VE/VCO2, cut-off value 35, and pVO2, cut-off value 14 mL/kg/min). Conclusion: These results suggest that cardiorespiratory fitness outweighs the relationship between BMI and survival in patients with heart failure.
- Impacto da Terapia de Ressincronização Cardíaca na Qualidade de Vida em Doentes com Insuficiência Cardíaca Congestiva RefractáriaPublication . Nave Leal, E; Pais Ribeiro, JL; Oliveira, MM; Nogueira da Silva, M; Feliciano, J; Cunha, P; Soares, RM; Santos, S; Alves, S; Rebelo da Silva, N; Cruz Ferreira, RA terapêutica de ressincronização cardíaca (TRC), associada ou não a cardioversor-desfibrilhador, está recomendada no tratamento de doentes com insuficiência cardíaca congestiva (ICC) refractária e disfunção sistólica grave do ventrículo esquerdo, com evidência de dessíncronia. Objectivo: avaliar o impacto da TRC na qualidade de vida de doentes com ICC refractária ao tratamento farmacológico optimizado.
- Importância Prognóstica do Doppler Tecidular nos Doentes com Miocardiopatia DilatadaPublication . Galrinho, A; Branco, LM; Soares, RM; Timóteo, AT; Abreu, J; Leal, A; Silva, S; Cruz Ferreira, RPrevious studies have shown that a ratio of early transmitral flow velocity to early diastolic velocity of the mitral annulus (E/E') of > 15, obtained by tissue Doppler imaging (TDI), correlates with left ventricular filling pressure. OBJECTIVE: The aim of our study was to assess whether E/E' provides prognostic information in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy. METHODS: We studied 33 patients with dilated cardiomyopathy and mean ejection fraction of 31%. All the patients underwent routine two-dimensional and Doppler echocardiographic examination and TDI to determine early peak velocity of the mitral annulus. Pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (pro-BNP) and peak oxygen consumption (VO2max) were also measured. Patients were divided into two groups according to the value of E/E': Group I (n = 15 patients) with E/E' > or = 15 and Group II (n = 18 patients) with E/E' < 15. Patients were followed for 12+/-4 months; new hospital admission due to heart failure, heart transplantation and death were considered as cardiac events. RESULTS: There were significant differences between the two groups in conventional two-dimensional echocardiographic measurements (dimensions and ejection fraction) and Doppler parameters (mitral inflow). With regard to mitral annular velocities obtained by TDI at two different points (septum and lateral wall), the E', A' and S' velocities differed significantly between the two groups, with lower velocities in Group I. Systolic velocity measured in the lateral portion of the mitral annulus showed the most significant difference: Group I - 4.46 cm/sec versus Group II - 7.19 cm/sec, p < 0.00001. Pro-BNP was 5622 pg/ml in Group I, and 1254 pg/ml in Group II, p = 0.004. VO2 max was significantly different between the two groups: Group I - 17.6 ml/kg/min versus Group II - 22.8 ml/kg/min, p = 0.004. During follow-up, events were more common in Group I, with 9 patients (60%) having events, while in Group II, the event rate was 11.1% (2 patients), p = 0.004. CONCLUSION: The ratio of early transmitral flow velocity to early diastolic velocity of the mitral annulus is a powerful predictor of clinical outcome. Lower velocities of mitral annulus on TDI are expected in patients with E/E' > or = 15. Systolic velocities of under 5 cm/sec measured in the lateral portion of the mitral annulus appeared to be strongly related to prognosis.
- Linfoma Cardíaco Primitivo em Doente ImunocomprometidoPublication . Valente, B; Soares, RM; Sousa, L; Ferreira, F; Lopes, JP; Toste, A; Hamad, H; Branco, LM; Cruz Ferreira, R
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