Psicologia
Permanent URI for this community
Browse
Browsing Psicologia by Issue Date
Now showing 1 - 10 of 19
Results Per Page
Sort Options
- A Laqueação Tubária no Espaço PsicológicoPublication . Macedo, M; Faria, CCom este estudo pretende-se fazer uma abordagem da problemática da laqueação tubária à luz de um entendimento psicológico.São avaliados os motivos pelos quais as mulheres pedem laqueações e quais os possíveis factores de risco e arrependimento.
- O Insucesso de Gravidez: Leitura PsicológicaPublication . Correia, MJCom este artigo pretende-se uma abordagem psicológica do insucesso de gravidez. Através de uma resenha bibliográfica define-se o conceito e aborda-se em primeiro lugar a sua etiologia dando particular ênfase aos factores de ordem psicológica. Num segundo momento destacam-se as diferentes formas de reacção emocional ao insucesso de gravidez relevando-se a situação de luto.
- Visualização: Uma Intervenção Possível em Psicologia da SaúdePublication . Cabete, D; Cavaleiro, AM; Pinteus, MT
- Psychosocial Morbidity and its Correlates in Cancer Patients of the Mediterranean Area: Findings from the Southern European Psycho-Oncology StudyPublication . Grassi, L; Travado, L; Moncayo, F; Sabato, S; Rossi, EBACKGROUND: A few and partial data are available on psychosocial morbidity among cancer patients in Mediterranean countries. As a part of a more general investigation (Southern European Psycho-Oncology Study-SEPOS), the rate of psychosocial morbidity and its correlation with clinical and cultural variables were examined in cancer patients in Italy, Portugal and Spain. METHODS: A convenience sample of cancer outpatients with good performance status and no cognitive impairment were approached. The Hospital Anxiety-Depression scale (HAD-S), the Mini-Mental Adjustment to Cancer scale (Mini-MAC), and the Cancer Worries Inventory (CWI) were used to measure psychological morbidity, coping strategies and concerns about illness. RESULTS: Of 277 patients, 34% had pathological scores ("borderline cases" plus "true cases") on HAD-S Anxiety and 24.9% on HAD-S Depression. Total psychiatric "caseness" was 28.5% and 16.6%, according to different HAD cut-offs (14 and 19, respectively). Significant relationships of HAD-S Anxiety, HAD-S Depression, HAD-S Total score, with Mini-MAC Hopeless and Anxious Preoccupation, and CWI score were found. No differences emerged between countries on psychosocial morbidity, while some differences emerged between the countries on coping mechanisms. Furthermore, Fatalism, Avoidance and marginally Hopeless were higher compared to studies carried out in English-speaking countries. LIMITATIONS: The relatively small sample size and the good performance status prevent us to generalize data on patients with different cancer sites and advanced phase of illness. CONCLUSIONS: One-third of the patients presented anxiety and depressive morbidity, with significant differences in characteristics of coping in Mediterranean countries in comparison with English-speaking countries.
- Abordagem Psicológica da Obesidade Mórbida. Caracterização e Apresentação do Protocolo de Avaliação PsicológicaPublication . Travado, L; Pires, R; Martins, V; Ventura, C; Cunha, SA obesidade mórbida (OM) é uma versão patológica de obesidade considerada um grave problema de saúde para os indivíduos que dela sofrem. O seu tratamento deve ser baseado numa abordagem biopsicossocial do indivíduo e do seu processo de doença que assegure o êxito do tratamento, a curto e longo prazo. A abordagem psicológica de cariz cognitivocomportamental estrutura-se ao longo das 3 principais fases do processo de tratamento: (1) pré-cirurgia, (2) internamento e (3) pós-cirurgia e follow-up. A primeira fase desta abordagem corresponde à avaliação psicológica dos doentes candidatos a cirurgia. Neste estudo apresenta-se a caracterização psicológica da população com OM, avaliada entre Fevereiro de 2002 e Maio de 2004, duma consulta de especialidade hospitalar. A metodologia desenvolvida inclui uma entrevista clínica semi-estruturada e questionários de auto-avaliação das dimensões de personalidade (MCMI-II), ansiedade e depressão (HADS), qualidade de vida (MOS-SF/20) e auto-conceito (ICAC). Foram avaliados 212 pacientes com uma média de idades de 41,1 anos e um IMC de 46,6Kg/m2. Apresentam-se os resultados obtidos e o protocolo de avaliação psicológica desenvolvido. Salienta-se a importância da avaliação psicológica para parecer técnico e os seus dados qualitativos para delineamento dos objectivos psicoterapêuticos e psico-educativos, como modo imprescindível ao sucesso deste processo de tratamento.
- Use of Distress and Depression Thermometers to Measure Psychosocial Morbidity Among Southern European Cancer PatientsPublication . Gil, F; Grassi, L; Travado, L; Tomamichel, M; Gonzalez, JGOALS OF WORK: Recent literature has indicated the need for rapid evaluation of psychosocial issues secondary to cancer. Because of the problems of routine use of psychometric instruments, short instruments such as visual analogue scales or one-item 0-10 scales have been developed as valid assessment alternatives. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A study was conducted to examine the role of two 0-10 scales in measuring emotional stress (distress thermometer, DT) and depressed mood (mood thermometer, MT), respectively, in a multicenter study carried out in southern European countries (Italy, Portugal, Spain, and Switzerland). A convenience sample of 312 cancer outpatients completed the DT and MT and the Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale (HADS). MAIN RESULTS: DT was more significantly associated HADS anxiety than HADS depression while MT was related both to HADS anxiety and depression. The correlation of MT with HADS was higher than DT. A cutoff point >4 on the DT maximized sensitivity (65%) and specificity (79%) for general psychosocial morbidity while a cutoff >5 identified more severe "caseness" (sensitivity=70%; specificity=73%). On the MT, sensitivity and specificity for general psychosocial morbidity were 85% and 72% by using the cutoff score >3. A score >4 on the MT was associated with a sensitivity of 78% and a specificity of 77% in detecting more severe caseness. CONCLUSIONS: Two simple instruments, the DT and the MT, were found to have acceptable levels of sensitivity and specificity in detecting psychosocial morbidity. Compared to the HADS, however, the mood MT performed better than the DT.
- A Communication Intervention for Training Southern European Oncologists to Recognize Psychosocial Morbidity in Cancer. I - Development of the Model and Preliminary Results on Physicians' SatisfactionPublication . Grassi, L; Travado, L; Gil, F; Campos, R; Lluch, P; Baile, WBACKGROUND: The detection of psychosocial distress is a significant communication problem in Southern Europe and other countries. Work in this area is hampered by a lack of data. Because not much is known about training aimed at improving the recognition of psychosocial disorders in cancer patients, we developed a basic course model for medical oncology professionals. METHODS: A specific educational and experiential model (12 hours divided into 2 modules) involving formal teaching (ie, journal articles, large-group presentations), practice in small groups (ie, small-group exercises and role playing), and discussion in large groups was developed with the aim of improving the ability of oncologists to detect emotional disturbances in cancer patients (ie, depression, anxiety, and adjustment disorders). RESULTS: A total of 30 oncologists from 3 Southern European countries (Italy, Portugal, and Spain) participated in the workshop. The training course was well accepted by most participants who expressed general satisfaction and a positive subjective perception of the utility of the course for clinical practice. Of the total participants, 28 physicians (93.3%) thought that had they been exposed to this material sooner, they would have incorporated the techniques received in the workshop into their practices; 2 participants stated they would likely have done so. Half of the doctors (n = 15) believed that their clinical communication techniques were improved by participating in the workshop, and the remaining half thought that their abilities to communicate with cancer patients had improved. CONCLUSIONS: This model is a feasible approach for oncologists and is easily applicable to various oncology settings. Further studies will demonstrate the effectiveness of this method for improving oncologists skills in recognizing emotional disorders in their patients with cancer.
- Physician-Patient Communication Among Southern European Cancer Physicians: the Influence of Psychosocial Orientation and BurnoutPublication . Travado, L; Grassi, L; Gil, F; Ventura, C; Martins, CPhysician-patient communication is a critical factor for comprehensive care in oncology. Although a number of studies have been carried out in Northern Europe and the US on this subject, no data are available in Southern European countries. As a part of a multicenter Southern European Psycho-Oncology study (SEPOS), the present investigation was conducted to examine communication skills and related variables (i.e. psychosocial orientation, and burnout) among 125 physicians from Italy, Portugal, and Spain. The Self-Confidence in Communication Skills (SCCS) scale was given to assess physicians' perception of their communication skills and the Expected Outcome of Communication (EOC) scale was administered to examine the physicians' expectations about the effects of communicating with their patients. Doctors' psychosocial orientation was measured by using the Physician Belief Scale (PBS) and burnout was measured by using the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI). Although the physicians reported receiving minimal training in communication during their education, they tended to perceive themselves as skilled in patient communication, apart from some areas (e.g. dealing with denial, managing uncertainty, assessing anxiety and depression, and promoting patient-family openness). Low psychosocial orientation and burnout symptoms (i.e. emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and poor personal accomplishment in their job) were associated with lower confidence in communication skills and higher expectations of a negative outcome, following physician-patient communication. The results suggest that there is a need for training cancer physicians in communication and for increasing a more definite psychosocially oriented approach in cancer care in Mediterranean countries.
- Placing Quality of Life Assessments on Oncologists' AgendaPublication . Travado, L
- Epilepsia de Ausências: Caracterização Cognitiva de um Grupo de Crianças e AdolescentesPublication . Pestana, R; Carruço, S; Sa, I; Lobato-Faria, T; Dias, AI